Preterite vs. Imperfect Como sabes cuando usarlos?

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Preterite vs. Imperfect Como sabes cuando usarlos?

Preterite… When the action has a specific beginning and ending (when there is a definite time) Yo salí para la escuela a las siete. I left for school at seven.

Preterite… 1. One time actions Ellos compraron una casa nueva. They bought a new house. Tuvimos que limpiar la casa después de la fiesta. We had to clean the house after the party. Ask yourself…did it happen once??

Other Preterite Uses 2. consecutive actions – Comí, salí de la casa y llegué a la escuela. – I ate, left the house and got to school. 3. Actions with specific time limits (this is the most important rule) – En 1990, fui a España. – In 1990, I went to Spain.

Other Preterite Uses Cont. 4. Beginning or end of an action – La lluvia empezó a las cinco. – The rain started at An action that interrupts – Yo estudiaba cuando sonó el teléfono. – I was studying when the phone rang.

Other Preterite Uses Cont. 6. An initial action Eran las 7:00 cuando llegó mi amiga It was 7:00 when my friend arrived.

… vs. Imperfect Past actions without mentioning when they started or ended Los chicos jóvenes hablaban por teléfono. The young boys talked on the phone. Ella era la maestra de la clase. She was the teacher of the class.

Other Imperfect Uses 1. Time – Eran las dos de la tarde. (not fueron) – It was two in the afternoon. 2. Age Yo tenía tres años cuando….. I was three years old when….. 3. Descriptions – Mi abuela era pequeña y tenía el pelo blanco *NEVER use preterite when talking about age in the past!!*

More Imperfect Uses… 4. Repeated actions/ used to do/ always did Ellos iban a la escuela. They went (used to go) to school. (They didnt go only once, they went everyday.) Yo siempre le ayudaba a mi hermano a hacer su tarea. I always helped (used to always help) my brother do his homework. (I helped him many times, not just once.)

Other Imperfect Uses Cont. 5. simultaneous actions in progress – Tú leías mientras yo trabajaba. – You were reading while I was working. 6. An action that is interupted by another action. – Yo estudiaba cuando sonó el teléfono. – I was studying when the phone rang.

Using Preterite AND Imperfect Together Use preterite for the action that occurred (interrupting action) La maestra escribía cuando el director nuevo entró. The teacher was writing when the new principal entered. Use imperfect for what was going on at the time

Quick Review Chart Imperfect – Setting up the scene – General/Non-specific info in the past – Repeated actions (used to do/always did) – Things that were going on in the past – Feelings (estar + adj/tener expressions) – Time (to say it was 2 oclock) – Age

Quick Review Chart Preterite – One time actions – When you see the beginning or the end of the action (or start/stop the action) – Specific period of time/duration – If there is a change in emotion, state, or mentality – Sequence of events

– Hay – there is/there are Hay muchos libros en la clase. – Hubo – it occurred Hubo un terremoto anoche. – Había – there was/there were En el baile había chicos guapos. Hay vs. Hubo vs. Había (there was something that occurred)

– Conocer = preterite = met Ex. Conocí a la maestra. – Conocer = imperfect = knew Ex. Conocía a la maestra. – Saber= preterite = found out Ex. Supe que estaba equivocada. – saber= imperfect = knew Ex. Sabía la respuesta antes. Irregular Preterite Meanings

– Querer = preterite = tried /refused Ex. Quise pero no pude. Ex. No quiso hacer su tarea. – Querer = imperfect = wanted Ex. Quería comprarlo. – Poder= preterite = succeeded/failed Ex. Por fin pude hacerlo. – Poder= imperfect = was able to/could Ex. Podíamos andar en bicicleta. Irregular Preterite Meanings

Preterite or Imperfect Review Yo ____(tener) un perro cuando yo ____(ser) niño.

Yo tenía un perro cuando yo era niño.

Mi familia y yo _____(comer) la paella y el gazpacho cuando mis primos _______(llegar) al restaurante.

Mi familia y yo comíamos la paella y el gazpacho cuando mis primos llegaron al restaurante.

Cuando el chico ____ (ganar) el campeonato, él ___(tener) quince años.

Cuando el chico ganó el campeonato, él tenía quince años.

La guerra _________ (empezar) y la princesa _______ (estar) muy triste.

La guerra empezó y la princesa estaba muy triste.

Esta mañana mientras _________ (caminar) a la escuela ______ (comenzar) a llover.

Esta mañana mientras tú caminabas a la escuela comenzó a llover.

Anoche antes de dormirnos nosotros _____ (cepillarse) los dientes, ____ (lavarse) la cara y ____ (acostarnos).

Anoche antes de dormirnos nosotros nos cepillamos los dientes, nos lavamos la cara y nos acostamos.

Hace muchos años cuando ______(haber) árboles en la ciudad, nosotros _____ (respirar) el aire puro.

Hace muchos años cuando había árboles en la ciudad, nosotros respirábamos el aire puro.

*Irregular Preterite Meanings* Some verbs change meanings in the preterite! Conocer in the preterite meansmet vs. the imperfect form which means knew. Yo te conocí este año. Yo te conocía de niña.

*Irregular Preterite Meanings* Some verbs change meanings in the preterite! Saber also changes; in the preterite it means found out vs. the imperfect form which means knew Yo supe hoy que tenemos una prueba. Yo sabía todas las respuestas en la prueba.

*Irregular Preterite Meanings* Some verbs change meanings in the preterite! Querer also changes; in the preterite it means tried (quiso) or refused (no quiso); imperfect=wanted No quiso hacer la tarea. No quería hacer la tarea.

Yo_______(conocer) a Kevin hace cuatro años. I met Kevin four years ago. conocí

En aquella época nosotros _______ (conocer) muy bien la ciudad. We knew the city really well. (really familiar with) conocíamos

Daniel ______(querer) hacer el proyecto de crédito extra pero no pudo terminarlo. He tried to do the EC project but he couldnt finish quiso

Los estudiantes ______(querer) ganar los boletos de ida y vuelta a Hawaii. The students wanted to win the roundtrip tickets to Hawaii. querían

Los estudiantes no _________ (querer) hacer la tarea anoche. The students refused to do their homework last night. quisieron

Raymond ______(saber) que Samuel venía a la clase de ciencias. Raymond knew that Samuel was coming to class. sabía

Las chicas________ (saber) que Samuel ______ (estar) enamorado de Alicia. They found out that he was in love with Alicia. supieron estaba