Posicionamiento terapéutico antimicrobianos Características y ejemplos prácticos Olga Delgado Javier Murillas Palma, martes 8 abril 2008 Curso-Taller Posicionamiento.

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Posicionamiento terapéutico antimicrobianos Características y ejemplos prácticos Olga Delgado Javier Murillas Palma, martes 8 abril 2008 Curso-Taller Posicionamiento de los medicamentos en guías y protocolos clínicos

Paciente Fármaco Ecosistema Gérmen Every unnecessary antibiotic prescription written undermines the success of subsequent therapies Fraser GL, 2005 Antibiotic Optimization Comisión de Infección Hospitalaria y Política Antibiótica

¿qué características tiene el posicionamiento de los antimicrobianos? Eficacia Seguridad Conveniencia Coste

Eficacia Tratamientos muy eficaces Curación Ensayos Clínicos No-inferioridad enfocados al registro no dan respuesta a dudas clínicas Equivalente terapéutico Intercambio terapéutico Tratamientos previos AP When choosing empiric antibiotics for treatment of surgical site infection you should change the class of antibiotics. That is something that we critically look at in the ED

Eficacia Mejora importante Mejora modesta Similar Seguridad Similar Adecuación Muy superior: Que incida en la efectividad Coste adecuacion OK Incorporar Desfavorable Uso restringido o selectivo Similar Equivalente terapéutico Hospital Homologos Comunidad: Seleccionar El de menor coste Superior Coste eficacia OK Incorporar desfavorable Uso restringido o selectivo ¿? STOP Posicionamiento terapéutico Jerarquización de los criterios primarios y secundarios (2)

Eficacia Tratamientos muy eficaces Curación Ensayos Clínicos No-inferioridad enfocados al registro no dan respuesta a dudas clínicas Equivalente terapéutico Intercambio terapéutico Tratamientos previos AP When choosing empiric antibiotics for treatment of surgical site infection you should change the class of antibiotics. That is something that we critically look at in the ED

¿Eficacia?

Seguridad Budnitz DS. National Surveillance of Emergency Department visits for Outpatient Adverse Drug Events. JAMA 2006;296:

Seguridad Seguridad a corto plazo Alergias Riesgo colonización gérmenes (multirresistentes), candidiasis Capacidad seleccionar resistencias Cefalosporinas 3G Quinolonas

Conveniencia Microbiología Flora local Sensibilidad y resistencias locales So empirically we now must choose an anti-MRSA antibiotic for complicated skin structure infections. Here it is very important as well to achieve adequate tissue concentrations. La misma vancomicina pero distinto MRSA

Wang. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:

Conveniencia Antibióticos relacionados resistencias Política antibióticos Reservar Diversificar

Conveniencia Indicaciones fuera ficha técnica The highest rates of off-label use were for anticonvulsants (74%), antipsychotics (60%), and antibiotics (41%). Stafford RS. N Engl J Med 2008; 358;

Conveniencia Indicaciones fuera ficha técnica The highest rates of off-label use were for anticonvulsants (74%), antipsychotics (60%), and antibiotics (41%). Stafford RS. N Engl J Med 2008; 358; Dificultad hacer estudios indicaciones raras Uso guiado datos microbiológicos

Conveniencia Seguimiento uso Uso general hospital Datos indican utilización puede mejorar Infección en diferentes localizaciones

Coste Tratamientos cortos Es más importante valorar la duración del tratamiento o de la estancia hospitalaria que el coste del tratamiento antimicrobiano Tratamientos ambulatorios Dalbavancin Terapia secuencial

Guías clínicas I think that everyone is aware of the IDSA guidelines that were published by Dennis Stevens and colleagues in 2005, and although they reviewed all of the antibiotics that we have talked about, they really do not review the newer agents, some of which are FDA approved and some of which are just finishing up their phase 3 trials. Dr. Stevens and colleagues are in the process of revising this guideline. Lena M. Napolitano, MD, FACS, FCCP, FCCM Managing the Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infection CME Marzo 2008

Recuperación antibióticos Colistina Fosfomicina Cotrimoxazol Rifampicina Clindamicina Tetraciclina