Nouns- Sustantivos Gender Making Nouns Plural

Gender Masculine or Feminine Masculine or Feminine All nouns in Spanish have a gender: Every Spanish noun is either Masculine or Feminine.

Gender Masculine or Feminine The only way to know a noun’s gender for certain is by consulting the dictionary or by memorizing the definite article that accompanies the vocabulary term. The only way to know a noun’s gender for certain is by consulting the dictionary or by memorizing the definite article that accompanies the vocabulary term. *However there are ways to make an educated guess *However there are ways to make an educated guess

Masculine Nouns - Most male living things (dad, rooster, actor) - Most male living things (dad, rooster, actor) - words that end in - words that end in l o n e r s (not the plural “s”) s (not the plural “s”) ma, pa ma, pa

Feminine Nouns - Most female living things (mom, hen, actress) - Most female living things (mom, hen, actress) -words that end in -words that end in a ión ión umbre umbre dad dad tad tad tud tud

Common Exceptions Feminine words: Feminine words: -la mano (feminine) -la mano (feminine) - la radio (feminine) - la radio (feminine) Masculine words: Masculine words: - el mapa (masculine) - el mapa (masculine) - el sofá - el sofá -el día -el día

Práctica What do you think is the gender of the following Spanish words ? What do you think is the gender of the following Spanish words ? costumbre costumbre libertad libertad actitud actitud balón balón ciudad ciudad alma alma

libertad- feminine (tad) libertad- feminine (tad) actitud- feminine (tud) actitud- feminine (tud) balón - masculine (n) balón - masculine (n) ciudad- feminine (dad) ciudad- feminine (dad) alma- masculine (ma) alma- masculine (ma)

Number All nouns are either singular or plural All nouns are either singular or plural To make a noun plural in Spanish To make a noun plural in Spanish -if it ends in a vowel add “s” -if it ends in a vowel add “s” - gato: gatos lago: lagos - gato: gatos lago: lagos - if it ends in a consonant add “es” - if it ends in a consonant add “es” - universidad: universidades profesor: profesores - universidad: universidades profesor: profesores - if it ends in a z change z to c and add “es” - if it ends in a z change z to c and add “es” - el lápiz: los lápices, la voz: las voces - el lápiz: los lápices, la voz: las voces

Numbers If a noun ends in ión add –es and drop the written accent. If a noun ends in ión add –es and drop the written accent. avión avión aviones aviones conversación conversación conversaciones conversaciones televisión televisión televisiones televisiones

Practicamos carro carro carros carros videojuguete videojuguete videojuguetes videojuguetes ciudad ciudad ciudades ciudades el pastel el pastel los pasteles los pasteles

Definite Articles (the) There are 4 ways to say “the” in Spanish There are 4 ways to say “the” in Spanish To decide, you must know the gender and number of the noun. To decide, you must know the gender and number of the noun.

Definite Articles (the) Step 1; Is the noun masculine or feminine? Step 1; Is the noun masculine or feminine? Ejemplo: perro (dog) Ejemplo: perro (dog)  Step 2: Is the noun singular or plural? Ejemplo: perro (dog) Ejemplo: perro (dog)

Definite Articles (the) Step 3: Choose which form to use: Step 3: Choose which form to use: Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Singular el la Plural los las Then how will we say the dog? ___ perro

Choose the correct definite article for each noun __libro (the book) __libro (the book) el libro el libro ___escritorio (the desk) ___escritorio (the desk) el escritorio el escritorio ___ ventana (the window) ___ ventana (the window) la ventana la ventana ___ silla (the chair) ___ silla (the chair) la silla la silla

Let’s try some more ____ perros (the dogs) ____ perros (the dogs) los perros los perros ____ muchachas (the girls) ____ muchachas (the girls) las muchachas las muchachas ____guitarras (the guitars) ____guitarras (the guitars) las guitarras las guitarras

Indefinite Articles (a, an, some) We use the same process to choose the indefinite articles as we did for definite articles. We use the same process to choose the indefinite articles as we did for definite articles.

Indefinite Articles (a, an, some) Step 1: Is the noun masculine or feminine? Step 1: Is the noun masculine or feminine? Ejemplo: revista (magazine) Ejemplo: revista (magazine)  Step 2: Is the noun singular or plural?  Ejemplo: revista (magazine)

Indefinite Articles (a, an, some) Step 3: Choose which form to use: Step 3: Choose which form to use: Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Singular un una Plural unos unas Then how will we say “a magazine? __ revista

Practicamos ____ revista (a magazine) ____ revista (a magazine) una revista una revista ____pato (a duck) ____pato (a duck) un pato un pato ____ amigos (some friends) ____ amigos (some friends) unas amigos unas amigos ____ carros (some cars) ____ carros (some cars) unos carros unos carros