ESPAÑOL III El 28 de enero de 2011

Ahora mismo  Escribe 5 cosas que buscas en un/a novio/a.  Ejemplos:  Ser guapo/a  Ser inteligente  Tener mucho dinero  Tener buen sentido de humor

Objetivos  Aprender el subjuntivo con cláusulas adjetivas (pág.  Usar el subjuntivo para describir cosas que no existen en realidad

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved  In Lección 4, you learned that the subjunctive is used in adverbial clauses after certain conjunctions. You will now learn how the subjunctive can be used in adjective clauses to express that the existence of someone or something is uncertain or indefinite.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved  The subjunctive is used in an adjective (or subordinate) clause that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain or indefinite. There are differences in meaning between statements using the indicative and those using the subjunctive.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.5.1-6

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved  ¡Atención! Adjective clauses are subordinate clauses that modify a noun or pronoun in the main clause of a sentence. That noun or pronoun is called the antecedent.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved  When the adjective clause refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that is clearly known, certain, or definite, the indicative is used.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved  The personal a is not used with direct objects that are hypothetical people. However, as you learned previously, alguien and nadie are always preceded by the personal a when they function as direct objects.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved  The subjunctive is commonly used in questions with adjective clauses when the speaker is trying to find out information about which he or she is uncertain. However, if the person who responds to the question knows the information, the indicative is used.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved  ¡Atención! Here are some verbs which are commonly followed by adjective clauses in the subjunctive:

Escoge entre el subjuntivo y el indicativo para completar cada oración. 1. Necesito una persona que _____ (puede/pueda) cantar bien. 2. Buscamos a alguien que _____ (tiene/tenga) paciencia. 3. ¿Hay restaurantes aquí que _____ (sirven/sirvan) comida japonesa? 4. Tengo una amiga que _____ (saca/saque) fotografías muy bonitas. 5. Hay una carnicería que _____ (está/esté) cerca de aquí. 6. No vemos ningún apartamento que nos _____ (interesa/interese). 7. Conozco a un estudiante que _____ (come/coma) hamburguesas todos los días. 8. ¿Hay alguien que _____ (dice/diga) la verdad? pueda

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.2–13 When the subordinate clause of a sentence refers to something (the antecedent) that is known to exist, the indicative is used. When the antecedent is uncertain or indefinite, the subjunctive is used. MAIN CLAUSECONNECTORSUBORDINATE CLAUSE Busco un trabajoquepague bien.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.2–14 Necesito el libro que tiene información sobre las ruinas mayas. Necesito un libro que tenga información sobre las ruinas mayas. I need the book that has information about Mayan ruins. I need a book that has information about Mayan ruins. Buscamos los documentos que describen el itinerario del viaje. Buscamos documentos que describan el itinerario del viaje. We’re looking for the documents that describe the itinerary for the trip. We’re looking for (any) documents that (may) describe the itinerary for the trip. Aquí hay alguien que conoce muy bien la zona. ¿Hay alguien aquí que conozca muy bien la zona? There is someone here who knows the area very well. Is there anyone here who knows the area very well? ANTECENDENT CERTAIN  INDICATIVEANTECENDENT UNCERTAIN  SUBJUNCTIVE

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.2–15 An adjective clause (oración subordinada adjetiva) is one that modifies or describes the noun or direct object in the main clause.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.2–16 When the antecedent of an adjective clause is a negative pronoun (nadie, ninguno/a), the subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.2–17 Elena tiene tres parientes que viven en San Salvador. Elena no tiene ningún pariente que viva en La Palma. Elena has three relatives who live in San Salvador. Elena doesn’t have any relatives who live in La Palma. Para su viaje, hay dos países que requieren una visa. Para su viaje, no hay ningún país que requiera una visa. For your trip, there are two countries that require visas. For your trip, there are no countries that require a visa. Hay muchos viajeros que quieren quedarse en el hotel. No hay nadie que quiera alojarse en el albergue. There are many travelers who want to stay at the hotel. There is nobody who wants to stay at the hostel. ANTECENDENT CERTAIN  INDICATIVEANTECENDENT UNCERTAIN  SUBJUNCTIVE

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.2–18 The personal a is not used with direct objects that represent persons whose existence is uncertain. Busco un guía que hable inglés.Conozco a un guía que habla inglés. I’m looking for a guide who speaks English. I know a guide who speaks English. ANTECENDENT CERTAIN  INDICATIVEANTECENDENT UNCERTAIN  SUBJUNCTIVE

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.2–19 The personal a is maintained before nadie and alguien, even when their existence is uncertain. No conozco a nadie que se queje tanto como mi suegra. Yo conozco a alguien que se queja aún más... ¡la mía! I don’t know anyone who complains as much as my mother-in-law. I know someone who complains even more... mine! ANTECENDENT CERTAIN  INDICATIVEANTECENDENT UNCERTAIN  SUBJUNCTIVE

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.2–20 The subjunctive is commonly used in questions with adjective clauses when the speaker is trying to find out information about which he or she is uncertain. If the person who responds knows the information, the indicative is used. ¿Me recomienda usted un hotel que esté cerca de la costa? Sí, el hotel Flamingo está justo en la playa. Can you recommend a hotel that is near the coast? Yes, the Flamingo Hotel is right on the beach. ¿Tiene otra brújula que sea más fácil de usar? Vea ésta y, si no, tengo tres más que son muy fáciles de usar. Do you have another compass that is easier to use? Look at this one, and if not, I have three others that are very easy to use. ANTECENDENT CERTAIN  INDICATIVEANTECENDENT UNCERTAIN  SUBJUNCTIVE

Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 5.2–21

Tarea  Cuaderno de practica 53