The subjunctive ¿Qué?.

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The subjunctive ¿Qué?

The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers to be REAL and DEFINITE. The subjunctive mood: Is used to express the speaker’s ATTITUDES towards events, as well as actions or states the speaker views as UNCERTAIN or HYPOTHETICAL. The indicative vs. the subjunctive

Creating a present subjunctive (The same steps as Formal Commands) 1. Put the verb in the –yo form : Hablo 2. Take away the –o :Habl 3. Add the ending that corresponds with the subject of the subjunctive verb : Yo hable, tú hables, él, ella, Ud. hable … ***Verbs that have irregular present tense –yo forms, keep the irregularity in the subjunctive. Refer to pg. 109*** ***Nosotros and vosotros do not stem-change Creating a present subjunctive (The same steps as Formal Commands)

Subjunctive verb endings -ar -er/-ir Yo -e -a Tú -es -as Él, ella, -e -a Ud. Nosotros -emos -amos Vosotros -éis -áis Ellos, ellas, -en -an Uds. Subjunctive verb endings

Irregular verbs in the present subjunctive Dar Estar Ir Saber Ser dé esté vaya sepa sea des estés vayas sepas seas dé esté vaya sepa sea demos estemos vayamos sepamos seamos deis estéis vayáis sepáis seáis den estén vayan sepan sean Irregular verbs in the present subjunctive

Use of present tense subjunctive Used to express: will and influence emotion doubt, disbelief, and denial indefiniteness and nonexistence It is most often used in sentences where there is a main clause and a subordinate clause(Change in subject). The conjunction “que” connects the clauses. Ej: Es muy importante que estudies ahora. Use of present tense subjunctive

Es bueno que… It’s good that… Es importante que … It’s important that… Es mejor que… It’s better that… Es necesario que… It’s necessary that… Es malo que… It’s bad that… Es urgente que… It’s urgent that… (No)es probable que… It’s (not) probable that… (No)es posible que… It’s (not) possible that… These impersonal expressions are always followed by clauses in the subjunctive

Indicate the subjunctive of these verbs (alquilar, beber, vivir) que yo _____________ (estudiar, aprender, asistir) que tú _________ (encontrar, poder, dormir) que ella ________ (hacer, tener, venir) que nosotros _________ (pagar, empezar, buscar) que ellos _________ Indicate the subjunctive of these verbs

Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence Verbs of will and influence are used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people. Enrique quiere que salgamos a cenar. Paolo prefiere que cenemos en casa. Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence

Verbs of will and influence Aconsejar to advise Desear to wish; desire Importar(like gustar) to be important Insistir (en) to insist in Mandar to order Necesitar to need Pedir to ask (for) Preferir to prefer Prohibir to prohibit Querer to want Recomendar(e:ie) to recommend Rogar(o:ue) to beg Sugerir(e:ie) to suggest Verbs of will and influence

The subjunctive with verbs of emotion When the verb in the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion or feeling such as hope, fear, joy, pity, surprise, etc. the subjunctive is required in the subordinate clause. Ej: Tengo miedo que tengas la gripe. Ej: Siento que no puedas venir a la fiesta. The subjunctive with verbs of emotion

Common verbs and expressions of emotion (memorize) Alegrarse (de) to be happy Esperar to hope; to wish Gustar* to be pleasing, to like Molestar* to bother Sorprender* to surprise Sentir (e-ie) to be sorry, to regret Temer to fear Tener miedo (de) to be afraid of Es extraño it’s strange Es una lástima it’s a shame Es redículo it’s ridiculous Es terrible it’s terrible Ojalá (que)* I hope (that); I wish (that) Common verbs and expressions of emotion (memorize)

Completa las oraciones con las formas correctas de los verbos Ojalá que ellos (descubrir) nuevas formas de energía. Espero que Ana nos (ayudar) a recoger la basura en la carretera. Temo (llegar) tarde. Es una lástima que la gente no (reciclar) más. Me alegro de que mis amigos (querer) conservar la naturaleza. Es malo (contaminar) el medio ambiente. Ojalá que yo (poder) hacer algo para reducir la contaminación. Completa las oraciones con las formas correctas de los verbos

Expressions of doubt, disbelief, or denial Negar (e-ie) to deny No creer to not believe No estar seguro/a (de) to not be sure (of) No es cierto it’s not true, it’s not certain No es seguro it’s not certain Dudar to doubt No es verdad it’s not true Es imposible it’s impossible Es improbable it’s improbable (no) es posible it’s (not) possible (no) es probable it’s (not) probable Tal vez perhaps Quizás perhaps Expressions of doubt, disbelief, or denial

Completa estas oraciones con la forma correcta del verbo Dudo que ellos (trabajar). Es cierto que ella (comer) mucho. Es imposible que ellos (salir). No creo que ella (volver). Es posible que nosotras (ir). Quizás (hacer) sol mañana. Creo que ellos (jugar) al fútbol. No es cierto que Paco nos (ayudar) Completa estas oraciones con la forma correcta del verbo

The subjunctive with conjunctions Conjunctions are words or phrases that connect other words and clauses in sentences. Certain conjunctions commonly introduce clauses, which introduce how, why, when, and where an action takes place The subjunctive with conjunctions

Conjunctions that require the subjunctive a menos que unless antes (de) que before con tal (de) que provided that en caso (de) que in case that para que in so that sin que without Te llamamos antes de salir. Te llamamos antes de que salgas. Conjunctions that require the subjunctive

Conjunctions used with subjunctive or indicative cuando when después de que after en cuanto as soon as hasta que until tan pronto como as soon as Use the subjunctive if the main clause expresses a future action or command. Vamos a resolver el problema cuando reciclemos. Use the indicative(regular tense) if the verb in the main clause expresses an action that habitually happens, or that happens in the past Contaminan el aire cuando usan los coches. Conjunctions used with subjunctive or indicative

Completa las oraciones Voy a estudiar cuando (ir) a la univdersidad. No podemos conducir sin (contaminar) el aire. Siempre recogemos mucha basura cuando (ir) al parque. La gente recicla con tal de que no (ser) difícil. Después de que ustedes (tomar) sus refrescos, reciclen las botellas. Ellos nos llevan a la selva para que (ver) las plantas tropicales. Contaminaron el río cuando (construir) ese edificio. Completa las oraciones

The subjunctive in adjective clauses It is used in an adjective clause that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain or indefinite.

Indicative Subjunctive Necesito el libro que tiene información sobre el centro. Quiero ir a esta tienda que tiene los videojuegos. Hay una heladería que vende los batidos de fresa. Necesito un libro que tenga información sobre el centro. Quiero ir a una tienda que tenga los videojuegos. No hay ninguna heladería que venda los batidos de fresa. Examples of differences in meaning when using the subjunctive and indicative.

Words commonly used with subjunctive Buscar Conocer No encontrar Haber (ind.: hay, sub.: haya) Necesitar Querer Words commonly used with subjunctive

Necesito una persona que (poder) cantar bien. Buscamos a alguien que (tener) paciencia. ¿Hay restaurantes aquí que (servir) comida japonesa? Tengo una amiga que (sacar) fotografías muy bonitas. Hay una carnicería que (estar) cerca de aquí. No vemos ningún apartamento que nos (intersar). Conozco a un estudiante que (comer) hamburguesas todos los días. Escoge entre el subjuntivo y el indicativo para completar cada oración.