Etapa 2, Unidad 3 Covers: stem-changing verbs, activity vocabulary, the verb “saber” and comparisons

Sports: andar en patineta = to skateboardel hockey = hockey el baloncesto = basketballel béisbol = baseball levantar pesas = to lift weightsel surfing = surfing esquiar = to skiel tenis = tennis el fútbol = soccerel voleibol = volleyball el fútbol americano = football Sports terms: el equipo = teamla tienda de deportes = sporting goods store el partido = gamejugar = to play ganar = to winel gol = goal favorito/a = favoritepeligroso/a = dangerous

Equipment: el bate = bat la bola = ball el casco = helmet la gorra = baseball cap el guante = glove los patines = skates la patineta = skateboard la pelota = baseball la raqueta = raquet Locations: el aire libre = outdoors el campo = field la cancha = court el estadio = stadium la piscina = swimming pool sobre hielo = on ice

In Spanish, some verbs change internally as you conjugate them. The “stem” is the part in the middle in the middle (where the internal change occurs) These are called “stem-changing” verbs. One “stem-changer” is the verb, jugar, where the u changes to ue in some forms. Another is pensar, where the e changes to ie.

JUGAR (u  ue) = “to play” yo juego = I playnosotros jugamos = we play tú juegas = you playvosotros jugáis = ya’ll play él/ella juega = he/she playsellos/ellas juegan = they play usted juega = you play ustedes juegan = you all play

PENSAR (e  ie) = “to think/plan” yo pienso = I thinknosotros pensamos = we think tú piensas = you thinkvosotros pensáis = ya’ll think él/ella piensa= he/she thinksellos/ellas piensan = they think usted piensa= you thinkustedes piensan = you all think

p. 205 Cerrar = to close Empezar = to begin Merendar = to have a snack Perder = to lose Preferir = to prefer Querer = to want

p. 207 SABER = to know Yo sé = I knowNosotros sabemos = we know Tú sabes = you knowVosotros sabéis = y’all know Él/ella sabe = he/she knowsEllos/ellas saben = they know usted sabe = you knowustedes saben = you all know You can use “saber” to explain knowledge you have or a skill you have. Modelo: Yo sé patinar muy bien. = I know how to skate very well.

Here are some Spanish phrases used to compare things using adjectives: más... que = more... than El fútbol americano es más interesante que el fútbol. Football is more interesting than soccer. menos... que = less... than El hockey es menos divertido que el fútbol. Hockey is less fun than soccer. tan... como = as... as El voleibol es tan popular como surfing. Volleyball is as popular as surfing. 15

When we are comparing two things without adjectives, we restructure the comparison phrases: más que = more than Me gusta nadar más que correr. I like to swim more than [I like to] run. menos que = less than A Enrique le gusta jugar al baloncesto menos que al tenis. Erik likes to play basketball less than tennis. tanto como = as much as (Note: the spelling here changes!) Te gusta correr tanto como jugar al béisbol. You like to run as much as [you like to] play baseball.

Here are a few more notes on comparisons: When comparing using numbers or amounts, use: más + de, menos + de Tenemos menos de tres pelotas. We have fewer than three baseballs. Here are a few other (irregular) comparison words: menor = younger mayor = older mejor = better peor = worse

Etapa 3, Unidad 3 Covers: the weather, using “tener” to describe feelings/desires, and direct object pronouns

¿Qué tiempo hace? = What is the weather like? Está nublado = It’s cloudy Hace calor = It’s hot Hace buen tiempo = It’s nice out Hace sol = It’s sunny Hace mal tiempo = It’s bad out Hace frío = It’s cold Hace fresco = It’s cool (fresh) Hace viento = It’s windy Hay sol = It’s sunny Hay viento = It’s windy

El tiempo = the weather llover (o  ue) = to rainla lluvia = the rain nevar (e  ie) = to snowla nieve = the snow la tormenta = the stormel viento = the wind el sol = the sunlas estaciones = the seasons el otoño = the fallel invierno = the winter la primavera = the springel verano = the summer la temperatura = the temperatureel grado = degree

p. 225 tomar el sol = tanel bronceador = suntan lotion los shorts = shortsel desierto = desert el río = the riverla montaña = the mountain el lago = lakecero grados = zero degrees el paraguas = umbrellael impermeable = raincoat el abrigo = the coatla bufanda = scarf el gorro = cap/hatel traje de baño = swimsuit

p. 229 You can use “tener” in several expressions: calor = hotcuidado = carefulfrío = cold miedo = afraidprisa = in a hurry/rushedrazón = right sueño = sleepysuerte = lucky Ejemplos: Tengo suerte. = I’m lucky. Ignacio tiene prisa. = Igancio’s in a hurry. ¿Tienes miedo? = Are you afraid?

p. 229 You can also use tener to explain what you feel like doing: Tener ganas de + infinitive MODELO: Nosotros tenemos ganas de ir de compras = We feel like going shopping. Las chicas tienen ganas de comer = The girls feel like eating.

There are direct objects in Spanish just like in English. They answer the question whom? or what? about the verb. Roberto tiene ropa de invierno. Roberto tiene ¿qué? = Roberto tiene ropa de invierno. ropa de invierno is the direct object

Direct objects in Spanish can be replaced by pronouns: me = menos = us te = youos = y’all lo/la= you, him/her, itlos/las = you, them (Note: lo/los are used with males or masculine things and la/las are used with females or feminine things.) Roberto tiene ropa de invierno. (Roberto has winter clothing.) Roberto la tiene. (Roberto has it)

If you have an infinitive verb following a conjugated verb, then the direct object can be placed EITHER before the conjugated verb or after the infinitive verb. Quiero sacar las fotos hoy.Eva conoce al Señor Crespo. Las quiero sacar hoy.Eva lo conoce. Quiero sacarlas hoy.