Stem-Changing verbs.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Stem-Changing verbs

Stem-Changing Verbs The way words would (or shouldn’t) sound has a direct correlation to spelling Think about the contraction will plus not The ordinary construction says it should be willn’t, but in reality, we know it to be won’t On an unconscious level, we just know it has to be modified to make it sound like English ought to sound

Stem-Changing Verbs Spanish has a number of similar changes We have already seen such changes occurring with the verb tener Yo tengo Nosotros tenemos Tú tienes Vosotras tenéis Él/Ella Usted tiene Ellos/Ellas Ustedes tienen

Stem-Changing Verbs What we last focused on was the insertion of a /g/ in the yo form Yo tengo Nosotros tenemos Tú tienes Vosotras tenéis Él/Ella Usted tiene Ellos/Ellas Ustedes tienen

Stem-Changing Verbs But there is also a stem-change occurring, in this case, e -> ie Yo tengo Nosotros tenemos Tú tienes Vosotras tenéis Él/Ella Usted tiene Ellos/Ellas Ustedes tienen

Stem-Changing Verbs A better verb to visualize e -> ie is pensar Notice that only some of the forms change Yo pienso Nosotros pensamos Tú piensas Vosotras pensáis Él/Ella Usted piensa Ellos/Ellas Ustedes piensen

Stem-Changing Verbs A better verb to visualize e -> ie is pensar Notice that only some of the forms change It kind of looks like a boot! (well, it would if I were a better artist) Yo pienso Nosotros pensamos Tú piensas Vosotras pensáis Él/Ella Usted piensa Ellos/Ellas Ustedes piensen

Stem-Changing Verbs Another type of stem change is o -> ue For example, volver (to return) Yo vuelvo Nosotros volvemos Tú vuelves Vosotras volvéis Él/Ella Usted vuelve Ellos/Ellas Ustedes vuelven

Stem-Changing Verbs The final type of stem change is e -> i For example, servir (to serve) Yo sirvo Nosotros servimos Tú sirves Vosotras servís Él/Ella Usted sirve Ellos/Ellas Ustedes sirven

Stem-Changing Verbs There are three types of stem-changes e -> ie (pensar, cerrar, empezar, perder, sentir, venir) o -> ue (dormir, poder, almorzar, volver) e -> i (pedir, servir) With time, your brain will just clue you in that something isn’t quite right and that you might be looking at a stem-changing verb But here are a few tips…

Stem-Changing Verbs Stem changes only act upon stressed vowels which we know to be… the next-to-last vowel of the infinitive – OR – the last vowel in the verb stem Yo empiezo Nosotros empezamos Tú empiezas Vosotras empezáis Él/Ella Usted empieza Ellos/Ellas Ustedes empiezan

Stem-Changing Verbs Stem changes only act upon stressed vowel Any consonant change in the yo form will suppress any vowel stem change in that form The e -> i change is unique to IR verbs Since stem-changes result from phonetics, these changes only occur in the present tense (not preterite, imperfect, etc.)