The Spanish Subjunctive: An Introduction (El subjuntivo español: una introducción) Quiero que Ud. pase por el Control de Agricultura.

The Spanish Subjunctive Now you will learn about the subjunctive mode. It is used to express the hypothetical or subjective, such as a speaker’s attitudes, wishes, feelings, emotions, or doubts. Unlike the indicative, which states facts, the subjunctive describes reality subjectively, or refers to actions or states that are not yet reality at all (and maybe never will be).

The Spanish Subjunctive The following expressions will always be used with the subjunctive. These “trigger” phrases can be found on handout #47. You learned these expressions last year: (Also on page 133) Es fantástico que…Es imposible que… Es increíble que…Es necesario que… Es importante que…Es terrible que…

You learned these expressions last year: (Also on page 133) Es fantástico que…Es imposible que… Es increíble que…Es necesario que… Es importante que…Es terrible que… Es fantástico que tengamos la clase de español. Es increíble que nieve más. Es necesario que ustedes lleven los libros. Es terrible que no haya escuela mañana.

The Spanish Subjunctive The following expressions will always be used with the subjunctive. These “trigger” phrases can be found on handout #47. Desires: esperar que, ojalá que, querer que Demands: exigir que, insistir en que Requests, Preferences, Suggestions: pedir que, recomendar que, sugerir que

The Spanish Subjunctive Desires: esperar que, ojalá que, querer que Yo quiero que Paco me invite a Prom. Demands: exigir que, insistir en que La mamá exige que Rosa limpie su cuarto. Requests, Preferences, Suggestions: pedir que, recomendar que, sugerir que Ella sugiere que estudies para el examen.

Yo quiero que Juan vaya a la fiesta. main clausesubordinate clause S1V1S2V2 The usage of the subjunctive The subjunctive normally occurs in the subordinate clause of a two-part sentence (hence the term subjunctive) and generally is preceded by the relator que or an adverb such as cuando, donde, etc. Normally, the main clause has a different subject and verb than the subordinate clause.

S1 V1 S1 V2 The usage of the subjunctive If there is no change of subject, that is, if the subject of the main clause is the same as that of the subordinate clause, the subjunctive is generally not used, especially with verbs of volition, such as querer, and verbs that express emotion. Yo quiero que yo vaya a la fiesta. main clausesubordinate clause Although there are two different verbs there is only one subject.

In these cases only one clause is necessary... SAVINF The usage of the subjunctive If there is no change of subject, that is, if the subject of the main clause is the same as that of the subordinate clause, the subjunctive is generally not used, especially with verbs of volition, such as querer, and verbs that express emotion. Yo quiero ir a la fiesta.... utilizing a subject,auxiliary verb,and infinitive.

1.Cause or prevention. 3.Falseness or unreality. 2.Personal bias or emotion. The usage of the subjunctive The verb or expression in the main clause determines whether to use the subjunctive or the indicative in the subordinate clause. Three simple principles can be applied in almost every case. If the main clause expresses the subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.

 Benjamín quiere que Antonio ponga la mesa.  Yo insisto en que tú hagas el trabajo.  Prohibimos que los clientes fumen en la oficina. (Notice that que unites the two clauses.) (indicative: pone) (indicative: haces) (indicative: fuman) The usage of the subjunctive 1. Cause or prevention: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that tends to cause or prevent something in the subordinate clause, the subjunctive is always used in the subordinate clause.

Cause quererinsistirrecomendarmandar pedirpermitiraconsejarobligar necesitarsugerir ser importante, imprescindible, permisible, necesario, innecesario, preferible, mejor, urgente Prevention impedirprohibirno permitir The usage of the subjunctive Following are some common verbs and expressions that might be used to cause or prevent.

NOTE: It is in this area of Spanish that the subjunctive is most quickly falling into disuse, and is being replaced by the indicative. Nevertheless, for instructional purposes, we will always use the subjunctive in these cases. The usage of the subjunctive 2. Personal bias or emotion: When the verb in the main clause expresses a feeling, emotion, or personal bias, the subjunctive is usually (but not always) used in the subordinate clause.

 Me alegro de que tú saques buenas notas.  ¡Qué lástima que ellos no sepan su número de teléfono!  Lamento que hayas perdido tu dinero.  Me gusta que Alfredo te ayude. (indicative: sacas) (indicative: saben) (indicative: has perdido) (indicative: ayuda) The usage of the subjunctive 2. Personal bias or emotion: When the verb in the main clause expresses a feeling, emotion, or personal bias, the subjunctive is usually (but not always) used in the subordinate clause.

 Me alegro de sacar buenas notas.  Lamento haber perdido mi dinero.  Me gusta ayudarte. The usage of the subjunctive But, again, just as with verbs of volition, if there is no change of subject, a single clause with infinitive is used rather than the subjunctive.

gustaralegrarse (de)apenar asombrarsorprenderentristecer temeresperarsentir ser tristeser una lástimaser maravilloso ser bueno, terrible, horroroso, fantástico, etc. estar alegre, contento, triste, etc. ojalá The usage of the subjunctive Following are some common verbs and expressions that express personal bias or emotion.

 Es verdad que los niños comen demasiado.  Estoy seguro que Alonzo tiene su pasaporte.  No creemos que vaya a nevar mañana.  Mis amigos dudan que yo pueda pilotear el avión.  No hay nadie que sepa la verdad. The usage of the subjunctive 3. Falseness or unreality: If the main clause indicates that something is true or indeed exists, the indicative is used in the subordinate clause. By contrast, if the main clause indicates doubt, falseness or unreality, the subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.

 No estoy seguro de tener mi pasaporte.  No creo saber la verdad.  Dudo poder pilotear el avión. (No estoy seguro de que yo tenga mi pasaporte.) (No creo que yo sepa la verdad.) (Dudo que yo pueda pilotear el avión.) The usage of the subjunctive But, once more, if there is no change of subject, one clause with an infinitive can be used in many cases.

Truth creerestar segurojurar afirmarconfirmarasegurar ser ciertoser indudableser evidente ser obvioser verdadser (estar) claro Falseness no creernegarno estar seguro dudarno poder creer ser (im)posibleser (im)probable no ser verdadno ser cierto The usage of the subjunctive Following are some common verbs and expressions that express truth or falseness.

E S C A P A en caso de que sin que con tal (de) que antes (de) que para que a menos que (in case) (without, unless) (provided that) (before) (so that, in order that) (unless) The usage of the subjunctive Finally, the subjunctive is always used after the following phrases (and a few other similar ones). When listed in the order shown below, they form the acronym ESCAPA, a useful memory device.

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