Módulo 3 Gobernabilidad para la RRD

¿Qué es la gobernabilidad? El ejercicio de la autoridad política, económica y administrativa en la gestión de los asuntos de un país, en todos los niveles. Comprende: mecanismos, procesos instituciones a través de los cuáles ciudadanos y grupos sociales articulan sus intereses, median sus diferencias, ejercitan sus derechos y obligaciones legales.

Governance Governance is the … exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. It comprises: Mechanisms Processes Institutions through which citizens and groups Articulate their interests Exercise their legal rights Meet their obligations Mediate their differences

Actores de la Gobernabilidad La gobernabilidad incluye al Estado pero lo trasciende… …abarca a todos los sectores de la sociedad, incluidos el sector privado y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil.

Governance in different locations Urban or rural National or local Formal or informal structures Cultural norms Political model FORMAL BUSINESS DECISION-MAKERS PROVINCIAL/LOCAL SERVICE PROVIDERS & EXPERTS PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES CSOs NGOS CBOs NATIONAL GOVT DECISION MAKERS APPOINTED NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS & MID LEVEL GOVT OFFICERS FORMAL BUSINESS DECISION MAKERS ELECTED NATIONAL OFFICIALS MEDIA SMALL SCALE ENTREPRENEURS TRADE UNIONS MAFIA ARMED GROUPS DAILY WAGE EARNERS WORKERS IN INFORMAL SECTOR

Gobernabilidad, clave para la RRD La gobernabilidad es el paraguas bajo el cual se lleva a cabo la reducción del riesgo de desastres. Es fundamental contar con un gobierno que ayude a garantizar la capacidad de las sociedades para hacer frente a las amenazas. La gobernabilidad influye la predisposición y voluntad de los agentes nacionales y sub- nacionales (incluidos gobiernos, parlamentarios, funcionarios públicos, medios de comunicación, sector privado y organizaciones de la sociedad civil) para coordinar las acciones orientadas a gestionar y reducir los riesgos relacionados con los desastres. Para ello, es esencial contar con: Conciencia pública para reconocer y abordar el riesgo, Voluntad política, para establecer políticas y asignar recursos suficientes. Instituciones con capacidad de gestión y coordinación para gestionar e integrar los esfuerzos de los sectores relevantes y dar cuenta de las comunidades vulnerables y con pobreza.

Characteristics of good governance Consensus oriented Participatory Follows the rule of law Effective and efficient Equitable and inclusive Responsive Transparent Accountable GOOD GOVERNANCE

Conditions of good governance Institutional and legal systems reflect the 8 principles of good governance National capacities exist that are able to exercise economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels Monitoring and evaluation is used to ensure that institutional and legal systems and capacities evolve as the country’s needs change

Marco de Accion de Hyogo 5 prioridades de acción: La 1ª es la Gobernabilidad para la RRD Velar por que la reducción del riesgo de desastres constituya una prioridad nacional y local con una sólida base institucional de aplicación

Qué dimensiones incluiría: (dimensiones de los sistemas institucionales y legislativos para la GRD): marco legal y reglamentario políticas y planificación aspectos organizacionales recursos y desarrollo de capacidades alianzas (a nivel internacional, nacional y local)

Objetivos para una buena Gobernabilidad para la Gestión de Riesgos de Desastres Elevar la GRD como una prioridad política Generar compromiso político Promocionar la GRD como una responsabilidad multisectorial Asignar responsabilidad/rendición de cuentas por el impacto y las pérdidas de los desastres Asignar los recursos necesarios para la RRD Hacer cumplir la implementación de la gestión de riesgos de desastres Facilitar la participación de la sociedad civil y el sector privado

Conditions of good governance Institutional and legal systems reflect the 8 principles of good governance National capacities exist that are able to exercise economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels Monitoring and evaluation is used to ensure that institutional and legal systems and capacities evolve as the country’s needs change

National governance processes An Institutional & Legislative System is … a system of Organisational structures Mechanisms and processes Strategies Policies Laws and regulations Resources and procedures … at all levels of administration, governing how the country manages disasters and disaster risks.

National capacities for good governance Enabling environment Organisational capacity Individual capacities

Capacity Development

Successful public service monitoring and evaluation Substantive government demand is a prerequisite for successful institutionalisation Role of incentives Key role of a powerful ‘champion’ Start with a diagnosis of existing M&E Centrally-driven, by capable ministry Build reliable ministry data systems Danger of over-engineering the system Utilisation is the measure of ‘success’ Limitations of relying on government laws, decrees and regulations Role of structural arrangements to ensure M&E objectivity and quality A long-haul effort, requiring patience

Signs of good governance Involvement of citizens and accountability of government to them Capacity building for good governance Reform of the public sector Transition of the voluntary sector Legal and judicial framework Control of corruption Rule of law Responsibility of the private sector Cooperation with organisations in civil society Decentralisation Role of the media and freedom of expression Capacity of government to develop and implement policy (this includes bringing about organisational change, influencing institutions, changing the nature of interaction between organisations and institutions) Interface between the public and private sectors Security, peace, conflict resolution Resource allocation

Conclusiones Governance is far more out-reaching than simply the work of government. Ensuring that DRR is reflected in institutional and legal systems and making sure that human resources and capacities exist that can govern DRR is part of the job of any development worker. Monitoring and evaluating DRR and governance of it in development and response ensures that future needs are predicted, and that, even if governance institutional capacities and technical capacities are high, attention to changing needs never wanes.