Literatura de Vampiros While Dracula and Mina’s tale most definitely made vampires and vampire fiction hugely popular, it wasn’t the first vampire story written. Before Dracula there was the quite popular ‘Carmilla’ (1872) by J. Sheridan Le Fanu, ‘Ligeia’ (1838) by sublimely sinister Edgar Allan Poe, ‘Varney the Vampyre’ (1847) by James Malcolm Rymer and on and on, the list is extensive. But what was the very first vampire work of fiction? Who was the one to first write a creative piece of literature involving a vampire? Mayli Hayes María José Pomacusi

Cuando viene el tema de literatura sobre vampiros, lo primero con lo que es relacionado es la legendaria obra de Bram Stoker, Drácula. Sin embargo, la historia de los primeros trabajos literarios se remonta hace muchos siglos In fiction of course, the epidemy of vampire literature, would be Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”. There were sexual undertones, of course, relaying vampirism to be a sort of sexually transmitted disease. Its themes of blood, death, and sex made it’s way to Victorian Europe, rattled because of the spread of tuberculosis and syphilis. But the vampire was first introduced to Western literature, by Lord Byron, in his poem The Giaour. Though, his manservant, John Polidori, wrote the first vampire story, Lord Ruthven.

Escritos antiguos Siglo I a.C Baital Pachisi 1047 Palabra “upir” Principe ruso – “Upir Lichy” –(vampiro perverso) 730s CE “Baital Pachisi” o “Vetala Panchavimshati” o también conocido como “Veinticinco cuentos de Baital”; es una colección de cuentos y leyendas con un relato enmarcado de India, originalmente estaba escrito en Sanscrito. La historia habla del legendario Rey Vikram, que promete a un hechizero Tantra que capturará a vetala (un espiritu vampiro que cuelga de un arbol y que habita y anima cuerpos muertos. Cada vez que Vikram trata de capturar al vampiro, este le cuenta una historia que termina en un acertijo. Y esto se va repitiendo 25 veces. 1047 First appearance of the word "upir" in a document referring to a Russian prince as "Upir Lichy", or wicked vampire. The theory currently favored is that "vampir" came from "upir", which first appeared in print in a 1047 CE East Slavic (Old Russian) manuscript in which a ovrogordian prince is referred to as "Upir Lichy" (Wicked Vampire). Tracing the source of "upir" and its Slavic cognates (i.e., upior, obyrbi, upirbi, obiri) is even more controversial, fraught with many theories but little documented evidence. Some say it means witch, others bat, others to drink. But it is still a mistery where the word origintated. William of Newburgh, un historiador inglés del siglo doce, publicó en 1196 un texto que es la fuente mayor de historias espíritus medievales, almas que vuelven de la muerte, incluyendo cuentos de vampiros. 1196 “Chronicles” William de Newburgh

Vlad Drácula 1428-1477 Voivoda Vlad Tepes «Vlad el Empalador» En 1428 nació Vlad Tepes (también conocido como Vlad Dracula, Vlad Dracul, o “Vlad el Empalador”) en Transylvania. Príncipe (voivoda) de Wallachia, adquirió una terrible reputación debido a su crueldad y como se contaba esto en toda Europa. En Rumania, Vlad fue históricamente honrado por derrotar a los Trucos. Construyo su castillo y masacro miles de turcos por medio de terribles métodos, él más común era el empalamiento (introducir un palo de aproximadamente 3,50m de longitud por el recto, fijarlo a la carne con un clavo y después levantarlo para que la víctima muera lentamente) Finalmente fue asesinado en 1477 (decapitado), aunque había historias de que su cuerpo nunca se encontró. Inspiración para personaje de Bram Stoker

Línea de Tiempo 1484 “Malleus Maleficarium” 1560 Nace Elizabeth Bathory 1610 es juzgada 1614 muere 1484 The Malleus Maleficarium, known as the witch hunter's bible, is written by Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger. The topic of how to hunt and destroy a vampire is discussed. 1560 Erzsebet (Elizabeth) Bathory is born.1610 Elizabeth Bathory is tried and convicted of killing several hundred girls. Her sentence is life imprisonment. 1614 Elizabeth Bathory dies.

1679 De Masticatione Mortuorum – alemano 1645 De quorundam Graecorum Opinationibus – Iglesia griega (vrykolakas) 1679 De Masticatione Mortuorum – alemano 1645 Leo Allatius, un miembro del clérigo de la Iglesia Griega, escribe De quorundam Graecorum Opinationibus  que contiene explicaciones sobre los vrykolakas; los vampiros. 1679 Un texto de vampiros aleman, De Masticatione Mortuorum, es escrito por Phillip Rohr.  Los muertos masticantes, discute  varias técnicas comunes usadas para mantener a los muertos de la resurrección como vampiros en busca de sangre. Muchos de estos métodos son verificados por excavaciones arqueológicas recientes.  

Wake Not the Dead 1800 Johann Ludwig Tieck Movimiento Romántico Brunhilda Major Works In Vampire Literature Published In 1800s The most influential and most famous of all vampire novels were published during the 1800s. Highly innovative for the times and groundbreaking, these stories took readers to an entirely new world and continue to this day to be read and loved by many. The stories below gave people something new to fear, something new to desire, it pulled them into a seductive darkness they never knew existed yet wanted more of. These incredible works also inspired countless writers to follow in their footsteps; it was the stories below that made vampires what they are now. Wake Not the Dead by Johann Ludwig Tieck Published: 1800 Tieck was a folklorist and an important member of the late Romantic movement. He created one of the first memorable female vampires in literature, Brunhilda. This vampiress is brought back to life by a sorcerer hired by her husband. She is then driven to feed on human blood as nourishment, choosing to feed from innocent children to survive. This classic story was a major influence during its era.

“El Vampiro” 1819 John Polidori Lord Ruthven Vampiro romántico Terror gótico The Vampyre by John Polidori Published: 1819 This short story is said to be the first vampire tale in English prose. Polidori is credited with presenting the first glamorous aristocratic vampire, which triggered others to also create attractive and seductive vampires. El personaje protagonista, Lord Ruthven, estaba basado en el propio Byron. Lord Ruthven es el arquetipo de la figura del vampiro romántico, descrito como un aristócrata sensual y decadente. La narración de Polidori influyó mucho en la literatura posterior dedicada al tema vampírico a través de la figura de Lord Ruthven, Genre(s)Horror short story Publication 1819 romantic vampire genre of fantasy fiction. "the first story successfully to fuse the disparate elements of vampirism into a coherent literary genre.” Lord Ruthven — a suave British nobleman, the vampire Aubrey — a wealthy young gentleman, an orphan Ianthe — a beautiful Greek woman Aubrey meets on his journeys with Ruthven. Aubrey's sister — who becomes engaged to the Earl of Marsden Earl of Marsden — who is also Lord Ruthven The story was an immediate popular success, partly because of the Byron attribution and partly because it exploited the gothic horror predilections of the public. Polidori transformed the vampire from a character in folklore into the form that is recognized today—an aristocratic fiend who preys among high society. Polidori's work had an immense impact on contemporary sensibilities and ran through numerous editions and translations. Edgar Allan Poe, Nikolai Gogol, Alexandre Dumas, and Alexis Tolstoyall produced vampire tales, and themes in Polidori's tale would continue to influence Bram Stoker's Dracula and eventually the whole vampire genre. Dumas makes explicit reference to Lord Ruthwen in The Count of Monte Cristo, going so far as to state that his character "The Comtesse G..." had been personally acquainted with Lord Ruthwen.[10]

«Varney the Vampyre» 1847 James Malcolm Rymer 109 secciones semanales Festín de Sangre Colmillos, dos puntos en el cuello, hipnosis, superfuerza Sol, cruces o ajo no le afectan Varney the Vampyre by James Malcolm Rymer Published: 1847 Originally published in 109 weekly sections, this work is incredibly long and unorganized which makes it fairly difficult to read. The story was published in book form in 1847. Yet in spite of that, it is one of the most influential of all vampire tales, it even inspired Bram Stoker himself. Varney the Vampire; or, the Feast of Blood  was a Victorian era serialized gothic horror story It introduced many of the tropes present in vampire fiction recognizable to modern audiences to this day. Many of today's standard vampire tropes originated in Varney: Varney has fangs, leaves two puncture wounds on the necks of his victims, has hypnotic powers, and has superhuman strength. Unlike later fictional vampires, he is able to go about in daylight and has no particular fear or loathing of crosses or garlic. He can eat and drink in human fashion as a form of disguise, but he points out that human food and drink do not agree with him. His vampirism seems to be a fit that comes on him when his vital energy begins to run low; he is a regular person between feedings.

Carmilla 1872 Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu Terrorífico pero con fondos sensuales. Atmosfera gótica oscura Carmilla Novela escrita por Sherdian Le Fanu en 1872, basándose en la legendaria historia real de la Condesa Elizabeth Bathory. La historia de Carmilla resultó muy influyente en el género, así como para perfilar la imagen del vampiro gótico. Tiene muchas características de terror gótico, tiene un contenido erótico (que se relaciona con los vampiros), de carácter lésbico. Le Fanu tomó ese tema considerado tabú en la época, para que el lector pueda acercarse a este tema. La historia habla de Laura, que constantemente recuerda cuando era una niña estaba dormida en los brazos de una joven y se despertaba al sentir dos agujas en su cuello. Aparece un día Carmilla que se debe quedar en el castillo en el que vive Laura. Así ellas dos se hacen muy amigas, en ese tiempo Carmilla muestra un comportamiento muy extraño. También muestra cierto interés amoroso en Laura. Es otra novela que se cree que ha sido una gran inspiración para Drácula de Bram Stoker y en otros muchos autores. En 1960 Roger Vladim dirigió “Blood and Roses” (Sangre y Rosas), basado en Carmilla. Carmilla by J. Sheridan Le Fanu Published: 1872 Another story that is widely believed to have been a major inspiration for Bram Stoker’s Dracula, Carmilla is one of the most significant classic vampire stories. The story has a fantastic writing style, horrifying yet sensual undertones, a dark Gothic atmosphere and a captivating plot. Fanu also took a great risk, daring to be different by writing in vampiric lesbianism into his tale. It’s no surprise that Bram Stoker and countless others have been inspired by Fanu’s Carmilla.

Drácula 1897 Bram Stoker Inglaterra Dracula Drácula es la novela con más influencia en todas las obras de vampiros. Fue publicada por el escritor irlandés Bram Stoker (1847 – 1912) en 1897. Esta novela inspiró una nueva tendencia de literatura vampiresca, creó una noción totalmente nueva del vampiro. Dracula by Bram Stoker Published: 1897 Dracula is hands down the most influential of all vampire novels. Stoker wrote a novel that continues to win hearts today, a novel that is said to be the second bestselling book of all time (the first is the Bible). Dracula inspired a new wave of vampire literature, it created entirely new vampire lore and is forever embedded in minds of those that have read it, and even those who haven’t. That concludes this small look into major works in vampire literature published during the 1800s. There were many other highly impressive and incredible vampire tales published during this time and perhaps we’ll look into them later.

Poesía Clásica de Vampiros Ha habido algunos extraordinarios poemas escritos sobre vampiros, varios que salieron antes de la novela Drácula, y otros escritos que salieron después. Algunos poemas clasicos de vampiros que se valen tomar en cuenta son:

1748-Primer poema moderno – “Der Vmpir" My dear young maiden clingeth Unbending fast and firm To all the long-held teaching Of a mother ever true; As in vampires unmortal Folk on the Theyse's portal Heyduck-like do believe. But my Christine thou dost dally, And wilt my loving parry Till I myself avenging To a vampire's health a-drinking Him toast in pale tockay. And as softly thou art sleeping To thee shall I come creeping And thy life's blood drain away. And so shalt thou be trembling For thus shall I be kissing And death's threshold thou' it be crossing With fear, in my cold arms. And last shall I thee question Compared to such instruction What are a mother's charms? Mi querida y joven doncella se alza Inflexible, rápida y firme En todos los viejos arcanos De una madre siempre verdadera; Como en los vampiros inmortales, La gente de estos portales Cree con la fe de los mercenarios. Pero mi Christine derrocha su tiempo, Y desgasta de mi amor su lamento, Hasta que yo mismo, vengado, Brinde a la salud del vampiro En la pálida copa de los reptiles. Y cómo al dormir eres delicada Hasta ti llegaré arrastrándome, Y la sangre de tu vida será drenada. Así podrías en vano temblar Pues en la penumbra he de besarte, Y sobre el umbral de la muerte Cruzarás con espanto, Envuelta en mis fríos brazos. Por último os preguntaré, Oponiendo este mundo que se abre ¿Cuáles son los encantos de tu madre? The First: Der Vampire is a poem by Heinrich August Ossenfelder, titled ‘Der Vampire,’ which came out in 1748. This poem is generally recognized as one of the very first appearances of a vampire in creative literature. La trama del poema es algo confusa y barroca, pero básicamente se resume al canto de un enamorado despechado, a quien su doncella rechaza. La madre, a la que se alude en dos ocasiones, es un símbolo de la cristiandad; la cual aparece más como una forma de represión que de fe. El resto es mucho más comprensible: una visita nocturna, y la descripción escrupulosa de un beso sangriento.

Die Braut von Korinth 1797 Goethe Christabel by Samuel Taylor Coleridge (date unknown) Thalaba the Destroyer by Robert Southey (1800) The Bride Of Corinth a poem that forever changed the way people saw vampire literature. Later translated to The Bride of Corinth, this beautifully dark poem is believed to have been based on the classic tale by Phlegon of Tralles of the maiden Philinnion. In Goesthe’s version a young woman dies of grief and returns from her coffin as one of the undead, and only in death and then undeath can she find freedom. Another possible source of inspiration for Goethe’s ballad may be the story of Menippus and the empusa, told in Philostratis’ Life of Apollonius of Tyana. Goethe ambientó su historia en Corinto y convirtió a Filinion en una vampira situando la acción en los primeros años del cristianismo y en medio de la controversia entre las antiguas religiones paganas y la pujante nueva religión. La elección de Corinto no es arbitraria, aludiendo a las conversiones que Pablo de Tarso había conseguido en esa ciudad griega. La protagonista y sus padres son cristianos, mientras que el joven es pagano. Tras su publicación al año siguiente el poema causó gran controversia por su crítica al cristianismo y sus componentes eróticos. La joven vampira erguida sobre el lecho se lamenta por un Dios que prefiere sacrificar hombres antes que ofrendas. Inspiración Aunque en ocasiones erróneamente se atribuye la inspiración del poema al episodio de la vida de Apolonio de Tiana escrito por el autor griego Filóstrato, la inspiración de Goethe fue De Rebus Mirabilis (De las cosas maravillosas), una obra de Flegón de Tralles, ciudad de Lidia, actual Aydin en Turquía, que fue liberto del emperador Adriano. Esta historia, ambientada en torno al 356-336 a. C. transcurre en la ciudad de Anfípolis, donde vive un matrimonio, Demóstrato y Caritó, que alojan en un hostal de su propiedad a un joven llamado Macates. El matrimonio tenía una hija, llamada Filinion, que muere poco después de casarse porque a quien amaba era a Macates, hasta tal punto que después de seis meses regresa de la tumba para estar él, permaneciendo durante las noches y volviendo a la tumba durante el día. El matrimonio descubre la presencia de Filinion, y finalmente la interrogan, pero su entrometimiento en el amor entre ambos jóvenes provoca que Filinion muera definitivamente. Macates, desesperado, se quita la vida.

The Giaour 1813 Lord Byron Giaour=infiel (turco) El castigo, condenado a ser vampiro matar a sus seres queridos bebiendo su sangre. 1813 A vampire appears in Lord Byron's "The Giaour.“ Mientras se encontraba en Atenas, Byron conoció la costumbre turca de arrojar al mar a una mujer culpable de adulterio envuelta en un saco. Un giaour (turco: Gâvur) es la palabra turca para designar a un infiel o no creyente y es similar a la palabra árabe kafir. La historia de El Giaour está subtitulada como Un fragmento de un cuento turco y es el único poema narrativo de Byron. El autor diseñó la historia con tres narradores que dan su punto de vista sobre una serie de acontecimientos. La historia principal está contada por Leila, una mujer que forma parte del harén de Hassan, que ama al giaour y es ejecutada por Hassan, que la arroja al mar. En venganza, el giaour mata a Hassan e ingresa en un monasterio debido a sus remordimientos. La historia contrasta las percepciones cristianas y musulmanas sobre el amor, el sexo, la muerte y el más allá. Mención de vampiros El Giaour también destaca por su mención a los vampiros. Después de contar cómo el giaour mata a Hassan, el narrador del Imperio otomano predice que en castigo por su crímen, el giaour estará condenado a convertirse en vampiro después de su muerte y a matar a sus propios seres queridos bebiendo su sangre, para su tormento y el de ellos. Byron se había familiarizado con varias leyendas sobre vampiros durante su viaje. La asociación de Byron con los vampiros continuó en 1819 con la publicación de El Vampiro de John Polidori, que fue inspirado por una historia inconclusa de Byron. El personaje protagonista, Lord Ruthven, estaba basado en el propio Byron. Lord Ruthven es el arquetipo de la figura del vampiro romántico, descrito como un aristócrata sensual y decadente.

La Belle Dame Sans Merci 1819 John Keats «La hermosa mujer sin compasión» Lamia by John Keats (1820) The Vampire Bride by Henry Liddell (1833) La Belle Dame Sans Merci by John Keats (1819) La Belle Dame Sans Merci John Keats is one of the most studied and admired of British poets.  Keats is considered one of the greatest Romantic poets of all time for creating such stunning masterpieces. His poem La Belle Dame Sans Merci (meaning "the beautiful woman without mercy”) is a exquisite and captivating poem that I first learned of through a vampire book. While some may argue that this poem isn’t about vampires at all, others may disagree, after all poetry is always open to multiple interpretations. Original version of La Belle Dame Sans Merci, 1819 Oh what can ail thee, knight-at-arms, Alone and palely loitering? The sedge has withered from the lake, And no birds sing. Oh what can ail thee, knight-at-arms, So haggard and so woe-begone? The squirrel's granary is full, And the harvest's done. I see a lily on thy brow, With anguish moist and fever-dew, And on thy cheeks a fading rose Fast withereth too. I met a lady in the meads, Full beautiful - a faery's child, Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild. I made a garland for her head, And bracelets too, and fragrant zone; She looked at me as she did love, And made sweet moan. I set her on my pacing steed, And nothing else saw all day long, For sidelong would she bend, and sing A faery's song. She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna-dew, And sure in language strange she said - 'I love thee true'. She took me to her elfin grot, And there she wept and sighed full sore, And there I shut her wild wild eyes With kisses four. And there she lulled me asleep And there I dreamed - Ah! woe betide! - The latest dream I ever dreamt On the cold hill side. I saw pale kings and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; They cried - 'La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall!' I saw their starved lips in the gloam, With horrid warning gaped wide, And I awoke and found me here, On the cold hill's side. And this is why I sojourn here Alone and palely loitering, Though the sedge is withered from the lake, And no birds sing.

La Morte Amoureuse The Vampire The Vampire Théophile Gautier 1836 «La amante muerta» The Vampire The Vampire Charles Baudelaire Théophile Gautier was a noted French writer, poet and critic during the 1800s. Born 1811, Gautier grew into a highly influential figure in French literature and was the author of the well-known novels Mademoiselle de Maupin (1835) and Le Capitaine Fracasse(1863). His interest in the supernatural eventually led him to write the captivating vampire tale La Morte Amoureuse (The Dead Lover), which was first published in the Chronique de Paris on June 25, 1836. Known in English as Clarimonde and The Beautiful Vampire, this incredible tale tells the story of a young priest named Romuald who becomes entranced by a stunning courtesan, Clarimonde. Sadly, the lovely woman dies, however, she returns from the grave and visits the lovestruck Romuald every night. For three long years he serves as a priest during the day and at night a wild and passionate lover to his undead mistress, letting her feed off his blood in return of her favors. Eventually an elderly priest learns of Romuald ungodly affair and leads him to Clarimonde’s grave. Exhuming the body, the old priest pours holy water on the corpse, which then crumbles to dust. The story ends with an older Romuald revealing that this was his greatest regret and warns that his listeners never look upon a woman, to keep their eyes to the ground, lest they meet the same fate. Except from La Morte Amoureuse: “Alas! she spoke truly indeed. I have regretted her more than once, and I regret her still. My soul's peace has been very dearly bought. The love of God was not too much to replace such a love as hers. And this, brother, is the story of my youth. Never gaze upon a woman, and walk abroad only with eyes ever fixed upon the ground; for however chaste and watchful one may be, the error of a single moment is enough to make one lose eternity. lose eternity.” Es la historia de un cura llamado Romuald, quien se enamora de Clarimonde, una Hermosa mujer que resulta ser una vampira. The Vampyre by James Clerk Maxwell (1845) My favorite from the list above is Le Vampire by Charles Baudelaire. Unfortunately I do not speak French, which is what the poem was written in, but many poets since have rewritten the poem in English. My favorite version is this… The Vampire  By Jacques LeClercq Thou, sharper than a dagger thrust Sinking into my plaintive heart, Thou, frenzied and arrayed in lust, Strong as a demon host whose art Possessed my humbled soul at last, Made it thy bed and thy domain, Strumpet, to whom I am bound fast As is the convict to his chain, The stubborn gambler to his dice, The rabid drunkard to his bowl, The carcass to its vermin lice — O thrice-accursèd be thy soul! I called on the swift sword to smite One blow to free my life of this, I begged perfidious aconite For succor in my cowardice. But sword and poison in my need Heaped scorn upon my craven mood, Saying: "Unworthy to be freed, From thine accursed servitude, O fool, if through our efforts, Fate Absolved thee from thy sorry plight, Thy kisses would resuscitate Thy vampire's corpse for thy delight." The Meaning Behind ‘The Vampire’ By Rudyard Kipling Everyone that reads poetry occasionally comes across a poem that doesn’t make complete sense to them. While reading some classic vampire poetry I came across such a poem - The Vampire by Rudyard Kipling. Had this poem not had “vampire” in the title I would have never thought it was about vampires at all. But the title does in fact change the meaning behind the poem. Seeing how we have so many brilliant literary minds here on Vampires.com, I’ll ask you, what do you think the meaning is behind this poem? What is the story the poet is trying to tell? The Vampire by Rudyard Kipling A fool there was and he made his prayer (Even as you and I!) To a rag and a bone and a hank of hair (We called her the woman who did not care), But the fool he called her his lady fair (Even as you and I!) Oh the years we waste and the tears we waste And the work of our head and hand, Belong to the woman who did not know (And now we know that she never could know) And did not understand. A fool there was and his goods he spent (Even as you and I!) Honor and faith and a sure intent But a fool must follow his natural bent (And it wasn't the least what the lady meant), (Even as you and I!) Oh the toil we lost and the spoil we lost And the excellent things we planned, Belong to the woman who didn't know why (And now we know she never knew why) And did not understand. The fool we stripped to his foolish hide (Even as you and I!) Which she might have seen when she threw him aside -- (But it isn't on record the lady tried) So some of him lived but the most of him died -- (Even as you and I!) And it isn't the shame and it isn't the blame That stings like a white hot brand. It's coming to know that she never knew why (Seeing at last she could never know why) And never could understand. Now that you have read the poem, what do you think of it? Does it bring vampires to mind? What point was the poet attempting to get across? Let us know what you think in a comment below. James Clerk Maxwell 1857 1845

Les Metamorphoses du Vampire Charles Baudelaire  Fecha desconocida The Vampire Rudyard Kipling The Meaning Behind ‘The Vampire’ By Rudyard Kipling Everyone that reads poetry occasionally comes across a poem that doesn’t make complete sense to them. While reading some classic vampire poetry I came across such a poem - The Vampire by Rudyard Kipling. Had this poem not had “vampire” in the title I would have never thought it was about vampires at all. But the title does in fact change the meaning behind the poem. Seeing how we have so many brilliant literary minds here on Vampires.com, I’ll ask you, what do you think the meaning is behind this poem? What is the story the poet is trying to tell? The Vampire by Rudyard Kipling A fool there was and he made his prayer (Even as you and I!) To a rag and a bone and a hank of hair (We called her the woman who did not care), But the fool he called her his lady fair (Even as you and I!) Oh the years we waste and the tears we waste And the work of our head and hand, Belong to the woman who did not know (And now we know that she never could know) And did not understand. A fool there was and his goods he spent (Even as you and I!) Honor and faith and a sure intent But a fool must follow his natural bent (And it wasn't the least what the lady meant), (Even as you and I!) Oh the toil we lost and the spoil we lost And the excellent things we planned, Belong to the woman who didn't know why (And now we know she never knew why) And did not understand. The fool we stripped to his foolish hide (Even as you and I!) Which she might have seen when she threw him aside -- (But it isn't on record the lady tried) So some of him lived but the most of him died -- (Even as you and I!) And it isn't the shame and it isn't the blame That stings like a white hot brand. It's coming to know that she never knew why (Seeing at last she could never know why) And never could understand. Now that you have read the poem, what do you think of it? Does it bring vampires to mind? What point was the poet attempting to get across? Let us know what you think in a comment below. 1897

Siglo XX 1954 Richard Matheson I Am Legend 1954 Richard Matheson publishes I Am Legend, regarded as one of the most influential vampire novels of the 20th century 1976 The first of the Vampire Chronicles, Interview With the Vampire, by Anne Rice is published. 1985 The Vampire Lestat by Anne Rice is published and reaches the best seller list. 1988 The Queen of the Damned is published by Anne Rice. 1992 The Tale of the Body Thief by Anne Rice is published. 1994 The film version of Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire opens with Tom Cruise as the Vampire Lestat and Brad Pitt as Louis. 1997 The Last Vampire by Christopher Pike is published 1998 Pandora by Anne Rice is published. The Vampire Armand by Anne Rice is published. 1999 Vittorio the Vampire by Anne Rice is published. In the Forests of the Night, by Amelia Atwater-Rhodes, is published, the first in her Den of Shadowsseries.

Salem’s lot 1975 Stephen King Terror gótico Jerusalem’s Lot El misterio de Salem's Lot El Misterio de 'Salem's Lot Autor Stephen King (The shinning) GéneroTerror, gótico Fecha de publicación1975 SerieCarrie King originalmente había elegido el título Second Coming ("Segunda venida"), pero luego se decidió porJerusalem's Lot. Los editores, Doubleday, recortaron el título, pensando que sonaba demasiado religioso. La novela fue adaptada dos veces para la televisión, una miniserie de 1979 y un remake de la misma en 2004. Además, en el año 1995, la BBC la adaptó para unradioteatro.

Anne Rice 1976 Entrevista con el Vampiro 1985 El Vampiro Lestat 1988 La Reina de los Condenados 1992 El Cuento del Ladrón de Cuerpos Anne Rice is famous for her widely popular Vampire Chronicles, and various other novels written under other pseudonyms. She portrays the romantic vampire, both breaking boundaries of old vampire legends, and regenerating and rebuilding the old to complete a new breed of vampire. The beautiful deadly killers that have captivated audiences globally. 1976 The first of the Vampire Chronicles, Interview With the Vampire, by Anne Rice is published. (1994 The film version of Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire opens with Tom Cruise as the Vampire Lestat and Brad Pitt as Louis.) 1985 The Vampire Lestat by Anne Rice is published and reaches the best seller list. 1988 The Queen of the Damned is published by Anne Rice. 1992 The Tale of the Body Thief by Anne Rice is published. 1998 Pandora by Anne Rice is published. The Vampire Armand by Anne Rice is published. 1999 Vittorio the Vampire by Anne Rice is published.

1998 Pandora by Anne Rice is published. The Vampire Armand by Anne Rice is published. 1999 Vittorio the Vampire by Anne Rice is published. Merrick (2000) Blood and Gold (2001) Blackwood Farm (2002) Blood Canticle (2003)

Låt den rätte komma in 2004 John Ajvide Lindqvist «Déjame entrar» Sueco Inspiración «Carmilla» Título -> Mito folklorico Déjame entrar (sueco: Låt den rätte komma in), es una novela de vampiros publicada en el año 2004 por el escritor sueco John Ajvide Lindqvist. La historia se centra en la relación entre Oskar, un niño de doce años y Eli, una criatura con apariencia de niña de la misma edad que Oskar, pero que en realidad es una criatura de más de 200 años con hábitos de vampiro: se alimenta de sangre de seres vivos para mantenerse activa. La acción tiene lugar en Blackeberg, un suburbio de clase trabajadora de la ciudad de Estocolmo, a principios de la década de 1980. La novela enfoca el lado oscuro de la humanidad, tratando temas como el acoso escolar, drogas, robos, pedofilia, prostitución y asesinatos junto con temas sobrenaturales. Para escribir esta novela el autor afirmó haberse inspirado en su propia infancia, y en las obras, "Carmilla" de Sheridan Le Fanu y la película "The Crying Game" (El juego de lágrimas).1 El libro encontró una buena acogida en Suecia y ha sido traducido a varios idiomas: alemán, ruso, inglés. Fue traducido al español en el año 2008. El título hace referencia a la canción "Let the Right One Slip In" de Morrissey, pero también al mito folklórico que afirma que los vampiros no pueden entrar en una casa sin ser invitados.

The Historian 2005 Elizabeth Kostova 10 años investigación Vlad Tepes Novela gótica, aventura, detective, viajes, novela histórica, thriller La historiadora (título original en inglés: The Historian) es la primera novela escrita por Elizabeth Kostova, publicada en inglés en junio de 2005 por Little, Brown and Company y en español en septiembre del mismo año por Umbriel Editores. Elizabeth Kostova dedicó diez años de investigación en el desarrollo de esta novela y recibió 1,6 millones de euros como adelanto por el manuscrito, además de vender los derechos de traducción a 28 idiomas y la adaptación al cine por Sony.1  una combinación de múltiples géneros, tales como novela gótica, de aventuras, detectivesca,6 libro de viajes,7 novela histórica postmoderna, épica epistolar y thrillerhistórico.8 La novela narra en tres épocas diferentes la búsqueda de la tumba de Vlad Tepes, describiendo al mismo tiempo su vida como figura histórica y el mito de Drácula construido a su alrededor. La novela relata una investigación de los últimos cinco siglos sobre Vlad Tepes, El Empalador, también conocido como Drácula, a través de los viajes entre un padre y su hija, en busca del paradero de su tumba. Al parecer sobre todo aquel que se atreva a ir tras el príncipe de los no muertos, pesa una maldición peor que la muerte.

Stephanie Meyer 2005 - Crepúsculo 2006 - Luna Nueva 2007 - Eclipse 2008 - Amanecer 2007 Anita Blake, Vampire Hunter: Guilty Pleasures Vol. 1, by Laurel K. Hamilton, is published. Vampyre: The Terrifying Lost Journal of Dr. Cornelius Van Helsing, by Gustav de Wolff, is published. Vampirates: Demons of the Ocean, by Justin Somper, is published. 2008 Immortal: Love Stories With Bite, including vampire stories by Tanith Lee, Kristen Cast, Rachel Caine, and others, is published. 2009 The Strain, a book by Guillermo Del Toro and Chuck Hogan, is published. Mr. Darcy, Vampire, by Amanda Grange, is published. By Blood We Live, a collection of vampire stories with contributions from authors such as Stephen King, Anne Rice, Tanith Lee, L. A. Banks, Garth Nix, and more, is published. How to Be a Vampire: A Fangs-On Guide for the Newly Undead by Amy Gray, is published.

Aset Ka: Asetian Bible 2007 Luis Marques Folklore de «Aset» “The Essence of Isis”. Orígen del vampiro Su evolución Aset Ka, a secretive order of real life vampires that presents a spiritual path and metaphysical system centered around dark magic and a paradigm of predatory spirituality. close connection with Ancient Egypt its name “Aset Ka” can roughly be translated to “The Essence of Isis”. the primordial vampires lived in Egypt, among humans, and as part of the pharaonic royalty and its armies. (This theory is in tune with the Ancient Egyptian belief that the Pharaoh, and sometimes his royal family, were not human, but partially divine. These vampires were known as the Asetians, where the word vampire represents a modern designation created by mankind to describe them, due to their predatory nature.) In their theology, they are said to be the spiritual descendants of Aset, Many of the mysteries from their tradition aren’t public knowledge practices and history can be found in the book Asetian Bible.. Within it, from ancient hieroglyphs and magickal seals of the Asetian culture, the author takes his readers through a timeless journey back to Ancient Egypt, where he explains how it all started and the origins of the vampire creature, and how it evolved through the ages until today. The Asetian Bible is an authoritative work on Ancient Egyptian spirituality and real life vampirism that presents the Asetian tradition to the world This work, developed between Portugal and Egypt, was finished in 2007 as a result from years of research, experience and growth.

GRACIAS