Penrose: A road to reality. Cap-1 Visiones distintas a la platónica.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Penrose: A road to reality. Cap-1 Visiones distintas a la platónica

La visión de Platón

El mundo de las ideas El mito de la caverna el mito de la metempsícosis El conocimiento es innato

La visión de Heidegger El orden ontológico Disponibilidad y Ocurribilidad El uso situacional de los útiles

La visión de Heidegger El trasfondo de comprensión del ser La disponibilidad de las cosas en los útiles

La visión de Heidegger La transparencia del uso en la manipulación La transparencia del usario ¿Para que sirve la conciencia?

La visión de Heidegger Esta conciencia no es autoconciencia La Disponibilidad hace sentido de las cosas del Mundo El Mundo está formado por un tejido inextricable de propósitos y sentidos Es recursivo y desentrañable sólo por medio de la hermenéutica La neurociencia debe explicar esta capacidad

La visión de Heidegger Cuando por causa de un problema se detiene la actividad corriente, emergen nuevos modos de encuentro y se revelan nuevos modos de ser encontrado. En esta condición aparece el ser humano (Dasein) como sujeto pensante y la ocurribilidad como modo de ser de las sustancias aisladas y determinadas.

La visión de Heidegger La actividad práctica con los objetos (Disponibilidad) devela un mundo de propósitos y sentidos La ruptura de esa actividad práctica muestra las cosas desde el punto de vista de la ocurribilidad, en el seno de la cual nace la oposición sujeto / objeto De esta situación nace la ciencia

La visión de Lakoff los conceptos se forman a partir del manejo del cuerpo y de los miembros, a través de metáforas lingüísticas que construyen otros dominios por aplicaciones isomorfas desde los ya definidos

La visión de Lakoff Direct manipulation: the prototype of causation Causation is an experiential Gestalt... Shared features include: 1. The agent has as a goal some change of state in the patient 2. The change of state is physical; 3. The agent has a plan for carrying out this goal; 4.the plan requires the agent's use of a motor program; 5.The agent is in control of that motor program;

La visión de Lakoff 6. The agent is primarily responsible for carrying the out the plan; 7. The agent is the energy source (i.e. the agent is directing his energies toward the patient) and the patient is the energy goal (i.e. the change in the patient is due to an external source of energy); 8. The agent touches the patient either with his body or an instrument (i.e. there is a spatio temporal overlap between what the agent does and the change in the patient);

La visión de Lakoff 9. the agent succesfully carries the plan; 10. the change in the patient is perceptibly; 11. the agent monitors the change in the patient through sensory perception; 12. there is a single specific agent and a single specific patient.

La visión de Lakoff This is prototypical direct manipulation and causation par excellence. Less prototypical are action at a distance, nonhuman agency, the use of an intermediate agent, the occurance of two or more agents, involuntary or uncontrolled use of the motor program. 1. Making an object is a special case of direct causation. 2. Object comes out of the substance. 3. The substance goes into the object. 4. Creation is birth 5. Causation is emergence (of the event/object from the state container)

Algunas reflexiones la matematización del mundo La capacidad de las matemáticas para describir el mundo La objetividad de las verdades matemáticas Eliminar la necesidad de explicación eliminando el problema