The Present Subjunctive El subjuntivo The Present Subjunctive

What is the subjunctive? The subjunctive is a MOOD not a tense. Mood is the speakers attitude toward the subject. Tense refers to time. Therefore, the present subjunctive is present time subjunctive mood. What you have usually been accustomed to as present tense is actually present indicative: present tense indicative mood. Indicative mood is used in factual statements. Subjunctive mood is used in subordinate (dependent) clauses to refer to hypothetical or unlikely events, emotional responses, opinions, or polite requests.

What are some other moods? Imperative Conditional

How is the subjunctive used in English? It comes in the subordinate clause. Sometimes it is not easily identifiable, but other times it is. I wish that I were at home.

How is the subjunctive used in Spanish? Also in subordinate clauses after the connector QUE. You must have a CHANGE IN SUBJECT and the independent clause must express one of the following things: Unidentifiable or Unknown antecedent Wishing or hoping (Desear, Esperar) Emotion Impersonal expressions (Es importante, Es necesario) Requests (Pedir, Querer, Exigir[to demand], insistir,) Doubt (Dudar, No creer, No pensar, Negar) Ojalá

Formula for the subjunctive S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2 First First Change Subjunctive Subject verb in Verb (UWEIRDO) Subject If the subject DOES NOT CHANGE, drop the QUE and use the infinitive. Example: Es importante estudiar.

How do you form the PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE? Step 1: Start with the yo form of the PRESENT INDICATIVE Example: Tengo Step 2: Drop the –o Example: Teng Step 3: Swap PRESENT INDICATIVE ar or er endings (In other words, AR verbs will now get ER endings, ER and IR verbs will get AR endings). There is no “O” ending in the yo. Use “a” or “e.” Tenga Tengamos Tengas Tengáis Tenga Tenga

What about stem changers? Stem changes are protected in the nosotros and vosotros form for AR and ER verbs. cerrar querer cierre cerremos quiera queramos cierres cerréis quieras queráis cierre cierren quiera quieran Stem changes for IR verbs will get an “e>i” or “o>u” in the nosotros and vosotros forms in addition to its normal stem change patterns. dormir duerma durmamos duermas durmáis duerma duerman

Any spelling changes? GAR, CAR, and ZAR will change like they do in the preterite, but they will throughout the entire verb! tocar pagar empezar Toque pague empiece Toques pagues empieces Toquemos paguemos empecemos Toquéis paguéis empecéis Toquen paguen empiecen

What about irregulars? These happen where you do not have an “o” to drop at the end! Dar ir saber ser estar Dé vaya sepa sea esté Des vayas sepas seas estés Demos vayamos sepamos seamos estemos Deis vayáis sepáis seáis estéis Den vayan sepan sean estén The subjunctive of haber (hay) is haya.

Examples Necesito alguien que pueda hablar español. U Espero que ganemos el partido. W Estoy alegre que practiques mucho. E Es imporante que tú estudies. I Exigo que llegues a tiempo. R Dudo que haya extraterrestres. D Ojalá que no tengamos un examen mañana. O