Early Medieval Europe “Dark Age(s)” 6th to 8th Centuries Charlemagne 768-814 Manors Peasants Nobles Feudal System Serfs Wergeld “Holy Roman Empire” (Germany) Vikings Knights
Medieval Europe High Medieval Age 1000-1300 Peasants Feudal Serf Demesne Vassals Suzerain Parish Clergy Regular Clergy (monks) Monasteries Bourgeoisie Ghettos Pogroms William the Conqueror 1066 Doomsday Book 1080 Philip II (Augustus) Frederick Barbarossa Crusades, Crusaders
The Crusades
St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica Gothic Architecture The Black Death Hundred Years War 1337-1453 Joan of Arc Parliament “Babylonian Captivity” Great Schism Guilds
Renaissance/Early Modern Europe Humanism Sir Thomas More, Utopia Erasmus Machiavelli, The Prince 1516 Magna Carta 1215 Tsar (Czar)
Mexico- the Indigenous Background “Indians” Corn (Maize) Maya Tikal Caciques Zapotecs Oaxaca Monte Alban Mixtecs Teotihuacán Toltecs Quetzalcoatl Itza Chichen Itza Tula League of Mayapan Aztecs Chichimecas Nahuatl Tenochtitlan Montezuma II Huitzilopochtli Yaqui
Aztec Empire
Peru- The Indigenous Backgroud The Inca Empire: Lake Titicaca Incas Quechua Peru Cuzco Huayna Capac Huascar Atahualpa Pizarro
Spanish Background to the Conquest of America Reconquest (Reconquista) 711-1492 Santiago Inquisition “Black Legend” Christopher Columbus Treaty of Tordesillas Hispaniola (Santo Domingo) 1493 Diego Velazquez Hernán (Hernando) Cortes (Cortez) Aguilar Malinche (Dona Marina) Quetzalcoatl Legend Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz Tenochtitlan Tlaxcalans Montezuma II Panfilo de Narvaez Pedro de Alvarado Smallpox “Noche Triste” Encomienda Cuauhtémoc
Bartolomé de las Casas Breve Relación (Brief Relation): Tells of Spanish actrocities against the Indians 1550-1551 debates whether Indians are “gente de razón” with Dr. Juan Gines de Sepulveda at the Spanish court. 1544-1555: Bishop of Chiapas Mexico
Spanish Conquest of Peru Francisco Pizarro Diego de Almagro Fernando de Luque Tumbez Hernando de Soto San Miguel Huayana Capac Atahuallpa Huascar Cajarmarca Valverde Requirimiento Quinto Real Hernando Pizarro Lima (Rimac) Gonzalo Pizarro Inca Manco Battle of Las Salinas 1538
Pedro de Valdivia Araucanians Lautaro
Early Spanish Colonial Administration Cortes (Parliament) “Obedezco pero no cumplo”