Unidad 1, Lección 1 Gramática Spanish I Unidad 1, Lección 1 Gramática

Subjects and verbs Subject person or thing doing the action or is being described Verb the action word, like jump or sing, or a linking word like are or is, that links the subject to a description

Subjects and verbs Identify the subject and verb in the following sentences. 1. Maria sings well. ______ ==== 2. Carlos is blond. ______ = Spanish sentences also have a subject and verb. 1. Maria canta bien. ______ ==== 2. Carlos es rubio. ______ ==

Subjects and verbs Both English and Spanish use nouns as subjects. Nouns can be replaced by pronouns. Ex: Maria is a friend. She is fifteen years old. Ex: Maria es una amiga. Ella tiene quince años.

Subject pronouns Singular Plural - we 1st yo - I nosotros(as) - we 1st yo - I _________________________________________ tú - you(familiar) vosotros(as) - you (plural/familiar) 2nd ____________________________________________ 3rd él - he ellos(as) - they ella - she usted - you (formal) ustedes - you

Singular subject pronouns Use tú with a friend a family member someone your age or younger Use usted with addressing an adult, like your teacher talking to someone you do not know someone to whom you want to show respect

Plural subject pronouns Use vosotros(as) with friends, family, and younger people only in Spain. Use ustedes with people you do not know, older people, and people for whom you want to show respect in Spain. any group of people in Latin America. Use nosotras, vosotras, and ellas with groups of females

Verbs In order to use a verb in a sentence, it must change forms to agree with the subject. We call this conjugating a verb. In its simplest form, a verb is in the infinitive form. In English, an infinitive is a verb with the word “to” in front of it. Ex: to eat, to run, to walk, to talk, to write, to speak, to listen, to watch, etc.

Verbs In Spanish, infinitives will either end in –ar, –er, or –ir. Verbs can either be regular (meaning they follow a pattern) or irregular (meaning they do not follow a pattern).

Verbs All languages have a large number of irregular verbs, and all forms of those verbs must be memorized. Ex: to be I am we are you are you are he is they are she is it is

ser – to be yo soy nosotros(as) somos tú eres vosotros(as) sois son él, ella, usted es ellos(as), ustedes Yo soy de Buenos Aires. – I am from Buenos Aires. Ellas son de Venezuela. – They are from Venezuela.

Gustar with an Infinitive The verb gustar (to like) can be used with an infinitive verb (not conjugated) to tell what people like to do. Me gusta dibujar. – I like to draw. Te gusta dibujar. – You (fam. sing.) like to draw. Le gusta dibujar. – He/She likes to draw. You (form. sing.) like to draw. Nos gusta dibujar. – We like to draw. Os gusta dibujar. – You (fam. plural) like to draw. Les gusta dibujar. – They like to draw. You (plural) like to draw.

Gustar with an Infinitive When you want to really emphasize or identify the person that you are talking about, add a + noun/pronoun. A Sonia le gusta leer. – Sonia likes to read. A ella le gusta leer. – She likes to read.

Gustar with an Infinitive These are the pronouns that follow a. A mí me gusta A nosotros(as) nos gusta A ti te gusta A vosotros(as) os gusta A él/ella le gusta A ellos(as) les gusta A usted le gusta A ustedes les gusta A mí me gusta dibujar. – I like to draw.