If there is a “que”, you must use the subjunctive. ESCAPA A Conjunctions are words or phrases that connect clauses in sentences. Certain conjunctions introduce adverbial clauses, which describe how, why, when, and where an action takes place. These conjunctions always require the subjunctive. A fines de (que) So that If there is a “que”, you must use the subjunctive. If there is no “que” (for antes de /sin / para) you must use the infinitive. Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

Voy a dejar un recado en caso de que Gustavo me llame. Voy al supermercado para que tengas algo de comer. I’m going to leave a message in case Gustavo calls me. I’m going to the supermarket so that you’ll have something to eat. Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

Use the infinitive after the prepositions antes de, para, and sin when there is no change of subject. Compare these sentences. Te llamamos el viernes antes de salir de la casa. Te llamamos mañana antes de que salgas. We will call you on Friday before leaving the house. We will call you tomorrow before you leave. Tus padres trabajan muchísimo para vivir bien. Tus padres trabajan mucho para que tú puedas vivir bien. Your parents work very hard in order to live well. Your parents work a lot so that you are able to live well. Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

CAMELoT Cuando when Aunque although Mientras while En cuanto as soon as Luego que as soon as o Tan pronto como as soon as CAMELoT Rules If the event is going to take place in the future, or if the event is uncertain or doubtful, the subjunctive must be used If the event does happen, or did actually happen, the indicative will be used. You can NEVER us the infinitive after CAMELoT phrases! Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

HD3 HD3 Rules If there is no “que” use the infinitive. Hasta (que) until Después de (que) after De modo (que) in such a way that De manera (que) in such a way that HD3 Rules If there is no “que” use the infinitive. If there is a “que” follow the CAMELoT Rules If future or uncertainty is implied, use SUBJUNCTIVE If the action is (or was) certain, use the indicative Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

Cuando veo basura, la recojo. Voy a formar un club de ecología tan pronto como empiecen las clases. Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

With the conjunctions above, use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause if the main clause expresses a future action or command. Vamos a resolver el problema cuando desarrollemos nuevas tecnologías. Después de que ustedes tomen sus refrescos, reciclen las botellas. We are going to solve the problem when we develop new technology. After you drink your soft drinks, recycle the bottles. Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

Use the indicative if the verb in the main clause expresses an action that habitually happens or that happened in the past. Contaminan los ríos cuando construyen nuevos edificios. Contaminaron el río cuando construyeron ese edificio. They pollute the rivers when they build new buildings. They polluted the river when they built that building. Siempre vamos de excursión tan pronto como llega Rafael. Salimos tan pronto como llegó Rafael. We always go hiking as soon as Rafael arrives. We left as soon as Rafael arrived. Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

Completa las oraciones con las formas correctas de los verbos. 1. Voy a estudiar ecología cuando ________ [volver] a la universidad. 2. No podemos evitar la lluvia ácida a menos que todos ________ [trabajar] juntos. 3. No podemos conducir sin ________ [contaminar] el aire. 4. Siempre recogemos mucha basura cuando ________ [ir] al parque. 5. Elisa habló con el presidente del club de ecología después de que ________ [terminar] la reunión. vuelva Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.

Completa las oraciones con las formas correctas de los verbos. 6. Vamos de excursión para _______ [observar] los animales y las plantas. 7. La contaminación va a ser un problema muy grave hasta que ________ [cambiar] nuestros sistemas de producción y transporte. 8. El gobierno debe crear más parques nacionales antes de que los bosques y ríos ________ [estar] completamente contaminados. 9. La gente quiere reciclar con tal de que no ________ [ser] difícil. Copyright © 2011 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.