The Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses

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The Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses

Adverbial Clause A subordinate clause that functions like an adverb, modifying verbs, adjectives or other adverbs by describing why, when and where an action takes place

Conjunctions that ALWAYS require subjunctive ESCAPA: En caso (de) que…………………………….. in case Sin que……………………………………………..without, unless Con tal (de) que……………………………….provided that Antes (de) que………………………………….before Para que…………………………………………….so that A menos que……………………………………..unless

Examples using ESCAPA: Hay unas aspirinas en el gabinete en caso de que las necesites. Serviré el desayuno antes de que te despiertes. Pedro no irá al dentista a menos que yo lo acompañe.

No change of subject = no dependent clause Therefore the infinitive would be used with antes de, con tal de, en caso de, para and sin (notice the “que” has been omitted from these adverbs since there is no need for a dependent clause. Ej: Javier corre cada día para mantenerse en forma. Yo comí antes de cepillarme los dientes.

Adverbial Conjunctions with Subjunctive OR Indicative MATCHED: Mientras que…………………………………………………while Aunque…………………………………………………………although Tan pronto como………………………………………….as soon as Cuando…………………………………………………………when Hasta que………………………………………………………until En cuanto a……………………………………………………as soon as Después (de) que………………………………………....after

Adverbial Conjunctions with Subjunctive OR Indicative Ej: Me guardo en cama hasta que me mejore. El médico va a estar furioso cuando yo llegue al consultorio.

Adverbial Conjunctions with Subjunctive OR Indicative If the action in the main clause has already happened or habitually happens, the indicative is used in the dependent clause after the adverbial conjunction. El médico siempre me examina cuando llego a su consultorio. A menudo me guardo en cama cuando estoy enferma y me mejoro pronto.