Los Mandatos Afirmativos y Negativos: Commands + y - El Imperativo

The Imperative: AKA commands The forms of the Imperative are the same as the present subjunctive, except for the affirmative (+) tú and vosotros forms.

The affirmative tú form: Tú + Is the same as the él/ella/Ud. form of the present indicative, or the tú form without the “s”. Therefore, in the tú + command, the vowel you see is the same vowel that is applied in the present indicative ending. -AR ends in “a”; -ER/-IR ends in “e”.

Irregular Tú + Commands HACER – Haz PONER – Pon SALIR – Sal TENER – Ten VENIR – Ven DECIR – Di IR – Ve SER – Sé VIN DIESEL HAS TEN WEAPONS *WITH ACCENT

Tú Negative commands Follow SUBJUNCTIVE No + tú form of the present subjunctive Habla no hables Come no comas Escribe no escribas

All other commands: POSITIVE & NEGATIVE The commands for tú negative, Ud. + and -, UDS. + and –, NOSOTROS + and -: HAVE THE SAME POSITIVE & NEGATIVE COMMAND FORM & LOOK EXACTLY LIKE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE: Tú – (no hables) Ud. + y – (hable, no hable) Uds. + y – (hablen, no hablen) Nosotros + y – (hablemos, no hablemos)

Ud., Uds., Nosotros: Ud. – Take a taxi, don’t take the bus! ¡Tome un taxi, no tome el autobús! Uds. – Turn to the right, don’t turn to the left! ¡Doblen a la derecha, no doblen a la izquierda! Nosotros – let’s walk on the sidewalk, let’s not walk in the street! ¡Caminemos en la acera, no caminemos en la calle!

Práctica TOMAR COMER ESCRIBIR Tú + Tú - Ud. Uds. Nosotros

Práctica - RESPUESTAS TOMAR COMER ESCRIBIR Come Escribe Tú + Toma Tú - NO TOMES NO COMAS NO ESCRIBAS Usted +/- TOME COMA ESCRIBA Ustedes +/- TOMEN COMAN ESCRIBAN Nosotros+/- TOMEMOS COMAMOS ESCRIBAMOS

Affirmative (positive) commands with reflexive verbs For AFFIRMATIVE (positive) commands with reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun that corresponds to the subject (te, se, nos, se) is ATTACHED to the command form. When you attach the pronoun, you also need an ACCENT, which is placed over the vowel 3 syllables from the end of the word. This is called the Triple A Procedure (AAA): Affirmative, Attach, Accent. Before attaching nos to the positive nosotros command, drop the letter “s” Levántate; Levántese; Levántense, Levantémonos

Negative Commands with reflexive verbs The reflexive pronoun (te; se; nos; se) goes between no and the command form. Since nothing is being attached, no accent! No te levantes; no se levante; no se levanten; no nos levantemos Formula: No + pronoun + command

Nosotros commands Translate to “Let’s + MEANING OF VERB”. POSITIVE & NEGATIVE FOLLOW SUBJUNCTIVE. I.E.: Caminemos, no caminemos; doblemos, no doblemos; paremos, no paremos EXCEPT ONE IRREGULAR!!!: IR Ir: + Vamos (Let’s go) - No vayamos (Let’s not go) Irse: Vámonos (Let’s leave) No nos vayamos (Let’s not leave)

NOTA IMPORTANTE Stem changes apply in commands Follow the Subjunctive for Nosotros commands: No stem change for NOSOTROS COMMANDS for –AR or -ER stem changers For –IR: in the nosotros command E – I or O – U Irregularities in the SUBJUNCTIVE will be seen in commands, EXCEPT tú +

Commands quick reference chart for regular, non reflexive verbs POSITIVE NEGATIVE AR ER IR TU + A E Usted Uds. EN AN Nosotros EMOS AMOS AR ER IR TU - NO ES NO AS Usted _ E A Uds. - EN AN Nosotros NO EMOS NO AMOS

QUICK CHART REFERENCE FOR REFLEXIVE VERBS NEGATIVE POSITIVE **ACCENT** AR ER IR TU + ate *** ete Ud. + ese ase Uds. + ense anse Nosotros + émonos ámonos AR ER IR TU - No te ES AS No te AS Ud. - No se E No se A Uds. - EN No se AN No se An Nosotros - No nos EMOS No nos AMOS

LA AVENIDA DEL SUBJUNTIVO Visual Tú negative Usted Nostoros Ustedes: TOMA LA AVENIDA DEL SUBJUNTIVO Tú positive: TOMA LA CALLE DE INDICATIVO