The formation and use of the present subjunctive

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Transcripción de la presentación:

The formation and use of the present subjunctive El subjuntivo The formation and use of the present subjunctive

The use of the present subjunctive The subjunctive is not a “tense” in the same sense as the preterite or the present. It is a verbal “mood” which is used to indicate doubt or uncertainty. Although the subjunctive is not used often in English, in Spanish it is used regularly and above all in the following cases…….

The present subjunctive is used… with verbs of wanting, requesting, advising or doubting. in sentences which involve a dependent clause and indicate non-existence or an emotional reaction e.g I will do it after she has arrived e.g lo haré después que haya llegado In sentences which involve a dependent clause which also expresses a preference, like or dislike e.g no me gusta que hagas los deberes delante de la tele In sentences which express fear or regret e. g temo que no vayas a volver In dependent clauses which express doubt or possibility e. g dudo que puedas hacerlo

The present subjunctive is used… With “advising” expressions e. g es importante que, es necesario que, es imprescindible que After expressions using a dependent clause which describe a purpose e.g estudio muy duro para que pueda entrar en la universidad After sentences which refer to a future action e. g voy a limpiar la casa antes de que visites After conditional phrases e.g puedes salir por la noche a condición de que arregles tu dormitorio In phrases which involve an indefinite or nonexistent noun e.g buscamos una persona que pueda ayudarnos

The present subjunctive is used… In main clauses….. ……………after “ojalá” (if only) after “tal vez”, “quizás” (perhaps) after “aunque” when it means “even if” ……………in set phrases e.g digan lo que digan – they say what they say sea como sea – it is what it is pase lo que pase – what happens, happens

The present subjunctive is used… After all words ending in “ever” e.g cualquiera – whichever dondequiera – wherever Also, when you make sentences negative this may incur an element of doubt into the statement, which would require the use of the subjunctive. e.g No creo que vayan a la fiesta

Formation of the present subjunctive The present subjunctive is formed by taking away the –ir, -er and –ar verb endings from the infinitive The following endings are then added: -ar verbs: e, es, e, emos, éis, en -ir/-er verbs: a, as, a, amos, áis, an

COMPRAR COMER VIVIR Yo Compre Coma Viva Tú compres Comas Vivas Él/ella Nos Compremos Comamos Vivamos Vosotros Compréis Comáis Viváis Ellos/ellas compren coman vivan

Irregular verbs in the subjunctive

COGER CRUZAR PAGAR JUGAR DORMIR PREFERIR Coja Cruce Pague Juegue Duerma Prefiera Cojas Cruces Pagues Juegues Duermas prefieras Cojamos Crucemos Paguemos Jueguemos Durmamos prefiramos Cojáis Cruzéis Paguéis Juguéis Durméis Prefiráis Cojan Crucen Paguen Jueguen Duerman prefieran

Hacer Tener Poner Salir Ver Traer Haga Tenga Ponga Salga Vea Traiga Hagas Tengas Pongas Salgas Veas Traigas Hagamos Tengamos Pongamos Salgamos Veamos Traigamos Hagáis Tengáis Pongáis Salgáis Veáis Traigáis Hagan Tengan Pongan Salgan Vean traigan

DAR ESTAR HABER IR SABER SER Haya Vaya Sepa Sea Des Estés Hayas Vayas Sepas Seas Demos Estemos Hayamos Vayamos Sepamos Seamos Deis Estéis Hayáis Vayáis Sepáis Seáis Den Estén Hayan Vayan Sepan sean