Programas REDD al Nivel Nacional

Objetivos Los elementos de un programa REDD a nivel nacional Los lineamientos para programas REDD del FCPF

Incorporando Acuerdos Internacionales y Regulaciones Nacionales Acuerdos internacionales proveen orientación indicativa para las actividades demostrativas Programas bilaterales y multilaterales también proveen algunas lineamientos Se necesita considerar las regulaciones nacionales y los objetivos de desarrollo relevantes

Elementos de un Marco REDD al Nivel Nacional Sistema nacional de contabilidad de carbono Créditos asignados al gobierno nacional en base al desempeño contra un nivel de emisión de referencia nacional/línea de base Sistema nacional de monitoreo Registro de créditos a nivel nacional Since a REDD policy framework is still under discussion, very few specifics have been nailed down as to what “national-level” REDD framework would entail if a national-level framework were required. The only fairly element that will surely be required is a national baseline for emissions and country-wide carbon accounting. Monitoring of emissions reduction would also most likely take place at the national level. This means that countries need to be able create a credible baseline of emissions based on historic emission levels and/or projected future emission levels and they will need to set up a system of national carbon accounting – where emissions reductions are monitored and ground-truthed around the country and then aggregated at the national level. Credits would then be given based on the performance against the national baseline.

REDD al Nivel Nacional: Flexibilidad/Preguntas abiertas Nivel de implementación (nacional con enfoques subnacionales) Estrategias utilizadas (enfoque sectorial versus enfoque basado en el área) Acuerdos de riesgo- beneficios compartidos (distribución de pago, fuga, seguro) Acuerdos legales (regulaciones nacionales y locales, planes de uso del suelo) Certain elements will most likely be left up to the national governments to decide. Implementation within country could be instituted by national institutions, or turned over to state and local agencies or done in collaboration. Strategies used to reduce deforestation will be decided on based on the country’s development objectives, drivers of deforestation, and national context. Countries will be able to decide if they want to set up project-level implementation linked to national performance through risk- and profit-sharing mechanisms of their own design.

El Fondo Cooperativo para Carbono Forestal (FCPF) Dos fondos: Mecanismo de Preparacion ($100M) y Mecanismo de Financiamiento de Carbono ($200M) La decisión de implementar programas REDD a nivel nacional o sub-nacional es decisión del país – tomando en cuenta varios factores (leyes y regulaciones, lecciones aprendidas, factores que conllevan a la deforestación, derechos, recursos, y costos) Las actividades sub-nacionales todavía deben ser contabilizadas al nivel nacional dado el marco nacional de contabilidad para REDD apoyado por FCPF FCPF Guidance: Whether to implement at a national level or through sub-national programs is the sovereign decision of each country and should take into account several factors, including: Forest law and regulations, which provides who owns, or has rights to, forest land, timber and non-timber forest products, and other forest services and amenities, including the carbon in the biomass and in the soil; Lessons from existing forest policies and programs with respect to the sustainable use of forest resources and biodiversity conservation; whether law enforcement occurs mostly at the national or sub-national level; Current drivers of deforestation and degradation, and the current actors of protection against deforestation and degradation; Who could start to protect against deforestation and degradation if the legal framework was right and the economic incentives were available Formal and customary set of property and user rights; Availability of public and private resources for investments in the sustainable use of forest resources and biodiversity conservation; The relative costs and effectiveness of various programs to achieve sustainable use of forest resources and biodiversity conservation; The need to capture and preserve traditional, including indigenous, knowledge about and practice in forest use and conservation.

El Fondo Cooperativo para Carbono Forestal (FCPF) La linea de base: el país debe definir una línea de base a nivel nacional según lineamientos del CMNUCC y IPCC Estrategias: el país tiene que definir un plan nacional de reducir emisiones basado en un análisis de los factores que conllevan a la deforestación y en consulto con los actores relevantes Monitoreo: el país tiene que establecer un sistema básico a nivel nacional de monitoreo de actividades REDD Reference Scenario: The country would establish a credible reference scenario on REDD, preferably based on methodological guidance from the UNFCCC or other guidance that represents international good practice, taking into account recent historical emissions and, in line with the specific circumstances of each country, a credible assessment of future emissions. In the absence of additional guidance from the UNFCCC, different approaches would be tested based on national priorities and circumstances, building on IPCC 2003 Good Practice Guidance and 1996 and 2006 Guidelines. Readiness would require that such a Reference Scenario has been established; REDD Strategy: Once the country knows its reference emissions levels it may decide that it wants to reduce its emissions below these levels and specify the broad lines of how much, how, where, and at what cost it intends to do so. Based on an analysis of the causes of deforestation and forest degradation, an efficient, fair and sustainable strategy to reduce emissions, resulting from meaningful consultations with the full range of stakeholders, would be developed, complementing the existing national policy framework. Special efforts would be made to reach out to forest dwellers including indigenous peoples and ensure that they participate in, and where appropriate benefit from, Readiness activities. The strategy would support the country’s overall policy and legal framework as it relates to forests, land use, customary rights, etc. The strategy would be fully country-owned and would refer, for example, to policies that address cross-sectoral issues, community forest management, and/or macroeconomic drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. It would identify the options for the most cost- effective and socially acceptable measures to reduce emissions and analyze the potential for further improvements of forest law enforcement, land tenure and governance structures relevant to implementing REDD activities. Furthermore, the strategy would need to define the institutional responsibilities, ownership of Emission Reductions, future regulation of the distribution and use of future revenues from REDD, and would attribute rights and responsibilities to the various actors expected to be involved in REDD; and Monitoring System: A basic system for monitoring and verifying REDD would be designed and implemented. National institutions would be trained and forest data reviewed and adapted to the purposes and standards of REDD. The country would be able to report on emissions from deforestation, evolving toward the use of an IPCC Tier Two approach with the help of capacity building provided by the FCPF and other entities, and potentially evolving toward a Tier Three approach in those countries where conditions and capacity building would enable it. Readiness would require that such a Monitoring System has been implemented. 7

El Fondo Cooperativo para Carbono Forestal (FCPF)

Plan de Preparación

Otras Iniciativas UN-REDD: $35M Noruega: $500M/año por 5 años Alemania: $2.8B sobre 5 años Australia: $180M sobre 5 años Inglaterra Dinamarca $35,000,000 10

Curso de Entrenamiento REDD ¡ Gracias! Curso de Entrenamiento REDD

Contribuyentes Los contribuyentes a esta presentación incluyen a: Rane Cortez (TNC) Oil palm: review the permit allocation process for oil palm developments; reallocate forest and peatland for carbon storage; review spatial plans to optimize degraded lands; increase yields of smallholder plantations; replant plantations that have exceeded their economic lifespan Pulp and paper: regulate use of MTH for pulp production; shift plantation development to areas where the carbon impact will be low; improve availability of suitable lands for plantation establishment; promote enhanced accountability of pulp and paper plantations companies Production forests: improving forest logging concession management; ecosystem restoration licenses; establishing improved governance in open access forest and strengthening community-based forest management; reducing demand for and supply of illegal logs as a driver of forest degradation Protected areas: pilot different management mechanisms; develop mechanisms and institutional arrangements for payments for environmental services; develop a system for improving land and vegetation management through granting conditional rights to small farmers Peatlands: water management; fire prevention