Card # 1 Tense Indicates the time of the action The present, preterite, imperfect and the future are tenses.

Presentación del tema: "Card # 1 Tense Indicates the time of the action The present, preterite, imperfect and the future are tenses."— Transcripción de la presentación:

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2 Card # 1 Tense Indicates the time of the action The present, preterite, imperfect and the future are tenses

3 Card # 2 Mood Indicates the attitude of the speaker toward the action Indicative Imperative subjunctive

4 Card #3 Indicative Mood Is objective Is used to describe facts It states what is considered to be certain It is the mood of “what is” Examples: You are late. I am in school. Paul speaks English.

5 Card # 4 Subjunctive Mood Is subjective Is used to express feelings, judgments and emotions related to actions It states what is considered to be desirable, possible, doubtful, uncertain and so on. It is “what may or might be” Examples: It is important that you be on time. I wish we were on vacation.

6 Card # 5 3 Things needed for subjunctive 1. Volition, need, emotion, doubt, will, necessity, obligation, possibility,feeling, judgment, order, suggestion, forbidding 2. Change of subject 3. Dependent and independent clause connected by “que”

7 Card # 6 Impersonal Expressions When it conveys an implied command, an opinion or judgment It is necessary that It is not good that It is important that

8 Card #7 Examples of Impersonal Expressions Es bueno que (it is good that) Es malo que (it is bad that) Es mejor que (it is best that) Es necesario que (it is necessary that) Es indispensable que (it is essential that) Es importante que (it is important that) Es preciso que (it is necessary that) Es (una) lástima que (It is too bad that) Vale la pena que (it is worthwhile that)

9 Card #8 Examples of impersonal expressions continued… Es agradable que (it is pleasant that) Es justo que (it is fair that) Es absurdo que (it is absurd that) Es ridículo que (it is ridiculous that) Es raro que (it is strange that) Es sorprendente que (it is surprising that) Es escandaloso que (it is scandalous that)

10 Card #9 Impersonal Expressions with infinitives Used when they do not refer to anyone in particular Example: It is important to work. Es importante trabajar.

11 Card # 10 Impersonal Expressions with subjunctive It is important that you work. Es importante que trabajes.

12 Card # 11Expressions of volition (orders) Querer que (wish that) Exigir que (demand that) Insistir en que (insist that) Mandar que (order that) Pedir que (ask, request that) Rogar (o-ue) que (beg that) Suplicar que (beg that)

13 Card # 12 Expressions of volition (desire) Desear que (wish that) Esperar que (hope that) Ojalá que (Let’s hope that)

14 Card # 13 Expressions of volition (preference) Preferir que (prefer that)

15 Card # 14 Expressions of volition (advice) Aconsejar que (advise that) Recomendar (e-ie) que (recommend that) Sugerir (e-ie) que (suggest that)

16 Card # 15 Expressions of volition (give permission) Dejar que (to let) Permitir que (to let, allow)

17 Card # 16 Expressions of volition (prohibition) Impedir (e-i) que (prevent) Oponerse a que (to be against, opposed to) Prohibir que (to forbid)

18 Card # 17 Expressions of emotion (happiness) Alegrarse de que (be happy that) Estar encantado de que ( delighted that) (me) gusta que (like) (me) encanta que (really like)

19 Card # 18 Expressions of emotion (sadness and regret) Entristecerse que (feel sad) Sentir (e-ie) que (feel that) Lamentar que ( regret that) Deplorar que (deplore that) (me) desilusiona que (disappoints (me) that)

20 Card # 19 Expressions of emotion (fear) Temer que (fear that) Tener miedo que (afraid that)

21 Card # 20 Expressions of emotion (irritation and anger) (me) enoja que (it angers (me) that) (me) irrita que (it irritates (me) that) (me) molesta que (it annoys (me) that) (me) enfada que ( it angers (me) that)

22 Card # 21 Expressions of emotion (pride) Estar orgulloso de que (to be proud that) Enorgullecerse de que ( to take pride)

23 Card # 22 Expressions of Emotion (surprise, emotion) (me) sorprende que (it surprises (me) that) (me) emociona que (it touches, thrills (me) that)

24 Card # 23 Expressions of doubt Dudar que (doubt that) No creer que (don’t believe that) No opinar que (don’t think that) No pensar que (don’t think that) No estar seguro de que ( not sure that) No es verdad que (not true that) Es dudoso que (doubtful that) Es posible que (possible that) Es imposible que (impossible that) Es probable que (probable that) Es improbable que (improbable that)

25 Card # 24 Forming the subjunctive To form the present subjunctive for –ar verbs: Go to the Yo form of the verb Drop the –o Add opposite endings: Yo = eNosotros=emos Tú= esVosotros= éis Ud. él, ella = eUds. ellos, ellas = en Yo hableNosotros hablemos Tú hablesVosotros habléis Ud., él, ella hableUds. ellos, ellas hablen

26 Card # 25 To form the present subjunctive for –er/-ir verbs: Go to the Yo form of the verb Drop the –o Add opposite endings: Yo = aNosotros=amos Tú= asVosotros= áis Ud. él, ella = aUds. ellos, ellas = an

27 Card # 26 example of –er verb Yo comaNosotros comamos Tú comasVosotros comáis Ud., él, ella comaUds. ellos, ellas coman

28 Card # 27 example of –ir verb Yo escirbaNosotros escribamos Tú escribasVosotros escribáis Ud., él, ella escribaUds. ellos, ellas, escriban

29 Card # 28 GO-GO Verbs Go to the Yo form and add –ar endings (other go-go’ s are seguir (sigo), conseguir (consigo), caer (caigo), tener (tengo), hacer(hago) and oir (oigo) DigaSalgaTraigaPonga DigasSalgasTraigasPongas DigaSalgaTraigaPonga DigamosSalgamosTraigamosPongamos DigáisSalgáisTraigáisPongáis DiganSalganTraiganPongan

30 Card # 29Stem changers that are – ar verbs: Stem change same as present tense, only in boot. Opposite endings. Examples: (almorzar, empezar, jugar, comezar- use boot then “gue” endings) pensar, cerrar, sentarse

31 Card # 30 Examples of –ar boot verbs Cerrar = (e- ie) Cierre Cerremos Cierres Cerréis Cierre Cierren Volver (o-ie) Vuelva Volvamos Vuelvas Volváis Vuelva Vuelvan Contar (o-ue) Cuente Contemos Cuentes Contéis Cuente Cuenten Entender (e-ie) Entienda Entendamos Entiendas Entendáis Entienda Entiendan

32 Card # 31 “Gue verbs” ** Remember –zar, gar, car are also “gue, que, ce” verbs Other “gue, que, ce” are buscar pagar, llegar

33 Card # 32 Verbs ending in ger/gir ger/gir = ja Escoger Escoja Escojamos Escojas Escojáis Escoja Escojan Examples: exigir, dirigir

34 Card # 33 Stem changers that are –er verbs: Stem change same as present tense, only in boot. Opposite endings. Examples: poder, querer

35 Card # 34 Stem changers that are –ir that go from e to ie : Stem change in boot like present tense; outside boot (nosotros and vosotros)like preterit sandal

36 Card # 35 Examples of –ir boot verbs Sentir Sienta Sintamos Sientas Sintáis Sienta Sientan Dormir Duerma Durmamos Duermas Durmáis Duerma Duerman Pedir Pida Pidamos Pidas Pidáis Pida Pidan Morir Muera Muramos Mueras Muráis Muera Mueran

37 Card # 36 Other –ir verbs Other –ir verbs that have change from e to I stem change all the way through. Examples: repetir, server, pedir SirvaSirvamos SirvasSirváis SirvaSirvan

38 Card # 37 Words like conocer, conducir, traducir, etc. Go to the –zco in the yo form of present tense. Opposite endings Conduzca, conozca, traduzca

39 Card # 38 “Y” verbs Words like incluir, influir, destruir, construir, huir etc… Go to “y”:Incluya, influya, destruya, construya, huya

40 Card # 39 Irregulars: Ser=sea,seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean Estar=esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén Saber=sepa,sepas,sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan Dar= dé. Des, dé, demos, deis, den Ir= vaya,vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan Haber=haya (only this form is used when used like, hay, había, and hubo: there is, there are, there were, there was)

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