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El Subjuntivo No es tan complicado…
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En Español The subjuntivo is not a tense; rather, it is a mood. Tense refers to when an action takes place (past, present, future), while mood merely reflects how the speaker feels about the action. The subjunctive mood is rarely used in English, but it is widely used in Spanish.
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Copyright © 2008 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.1–3 Examples of the subjunctive being used in English: 1)The doctor recommends that she drink 4 glasses of water a day. Normally, the indicative conjugation is "She drinks"; but, the subjunctive conjugation form drops the "s." 2) The State requires that you be 18 years old to buy cigarettes. Normally, the indicative conjugation is "you are." 3)"If I were King, I would eat Ben & Jerry's ice cream daily." Normally, the indicative conjugation is "I was.”
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Tiempo Verbal - Modo INDICATIVE certainty/objectivity (present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, compound tenses) SUBJUNCTIVE possibiliby/subjectivity
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Further Explanation In general, the subjunctive is a verb mood that is used to express an action or state of being in the context of the speaker's reaction to it. Most commonly (although not always), the subjunctive verb is used in a clause that starts with the relative pronoun que (meaning "which," "that" or "who"). Frequently, the sentences that contain a subjunctive verb are used to express doubt, uncertainty, denial, desire, commands or reactions to the clause containing the subjunctive verb.
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¿Cómo lo formamos? Conjuga al “yo”: (ej. hablar --> hablo) Quita la “-o”: (hablo --> habl) Añade la vocal opuesta: (habl --> hable)
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Termninaciones AR ER IR
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Práctica – Subjuntivo (regular)
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-CAR / -GAR / -ZAR These verbs change spelling to preserve vowel sound.
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Práctica – Subjuntivo ( yo – irregular en indicativo )
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“Verbos bota” -ar -er -ir
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Stem-changers -AR, -ER and –IR verbs that have stem changes in the present indicative have the same changes in the present subjunctive. In addition: –ir verbs change in nosotros & vosotros forms: o u & e i
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Irregulares
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Más Irregulares
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…Más Irregulares
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Irregulares (igual que mandatos)
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Basics of the subjunctive Must have a subjunctive TRIGGER (i.e. verb or expression of wishing wanting/will or influence, emotion, doubt) Sentence has 2 clauses (part of sentence w/ subject & verb). Each clause has different subject. (subject in the first part of the sentence cannot be the same as the other subject) ‘ QUE ’ connects the two parts 1st verb in present INDICATIVE 2 nd verb in present SUBJUNCTIVE EJEMPLO: Los profesores quieren indicativo que que los estudiantes escriban apuntes. subjuntivo
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Subjunctive “Triggers”: Verbs of influence Querer Insistir en Preferir Mandar Prohibir Permitir Desear Recomendar Sugerir Pedir Es necesario Es urgente Es importante Es mejor } + que + subjunctive Sugiero que hables con tus padres.
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This INDICATIVE VERB has to TRIGGER the subjunctive. It must denote emotion, denial, uncertainty, volition, influence, desire, etc. Formula for when subjunctive is used S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2 2 nd Subject 2 nd VERB 1 st VERB 1 st SUBJECT Subjects must be different. This verb will be in the subjunctive.
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Subjunctive “Triggers” : Verbs of Emotion Alegrarse de Esperar Sentir Temer Tener miedo de Me gusta Te molesta Le sorprende Es extraño Es increible Es mejor Es bueno Es malo Es ridículo Es terrible Es una lástima Es urgente ¡Qué extraño ¡Qué lástima } + que + subjunctivo Me alegro de que vayas a estudiar en México.
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Verbos / Frases, Recommendations = “Hopeful”
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¡Ojo! If there is no change of subject in the sentence, then the 2 nd verb will be in the INFINITIVE. Ejemplo: Prefiero ir a Bogotá en junio. Prefiero que (tú) vayas en agosto. I prefer to go to Bogota in June. I prefer that you go in August.
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Many common expressions introduce subjunctive clauses: Es una pena que... "It is a shame that..." Quiero que... "I want..." Ojalá (que)... "I hope..." Es importante que... "It is important that..." Me alegro de que... "I am happy that..." Es bueno que... "It is good that..." Es necesario que... "It is necessary that..." Dudo que... "I doubt that..."
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This INDICATIVE VERB has to TRIGGER the subjunctive. It must denote emotion, denial, uncertainty, volition, influence, desire, etc. Formula for when subjunctive is used S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2 2 nd Subject 2 nd VERB 1 st VERB 1 st SUBJECT Subjects must be different. This verb will be in the subjunctive.
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Subjunctive Triggers of Doubt & Denial No creer Dudar Negar No es cierto No es seguro No es verdad Es posible No es posible Es probable No es probable Es improbable No es improbable No estar seguro/a (de) } + que + subjunctive Dudo que ella estudie para el examen.
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¡Ojo! If there is no “WEIRDO” in the sentence, then the 2 nd verb will not be in the SUBJUNCTIVE Ejemplo: Creo que ella va a llegar tarde. Dudo que vayas a llegar a tiempo. I believe (that) she will arrive late. I doubt (that) you will arrive on time.
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This INDICATIVE VERB has to TRIGGER the subjunctive. It must denote emotion, denial, uncertainty, volition, influence, desire, etc. Formula for when subjunctive is used S1 + V1 + QUE + S2 + V2 2 nd Subject 2 nd VERB 1 st VERB 1 st SUBJECT Subjects must be different. This verb will be in the subjunctive.
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El verbo “decir”: ¿Mandato? o ¿Hecho?
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Videos that Explain Usage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlJxXPtv0cE&feature= related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlJxXPtv0cE&feature= related (Formation - Irregulars) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTTcm9OAcDo&featur e=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTTcm9OAcDo&featur e=related (Influence) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOsgpBgQDiA&featur e=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOsgpBgQDiA&featur e=related (Emotion) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjLJgCkRkjM&feature =relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjLJgCkRkjM&feature =related (Doubt and Denial)
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