Principios y Postulados epistemológicos en que se fundamenta

Presentación del tema: "Principios y Postulados epistemológicos en que se fundamenta"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Principios y Postulados epistemológicos en que se fundamenta
Modelos Científicos vigentes en la reflexión Epistemológica Contemporánea: (Mario Bunge) Principios y Postulados epistemológicos en que se fundamenta Discusiones y aportes en torno al saber científico. Posición frente al conocimiento Animated picture pans in window with fade-in captions Click Align Right. (Advanced) Tip: For best results, select a high-resolution, vertically oriented picture, where the picture height is larger than the slide height. The picture in the example above is 15” high and 10” wide. (Normal slide dimensions are 7.5” high and 10” wide.) Select the duplicate rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Left. To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the rounded rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Bring to Front. Select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 15” and the width is set to 10”. To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position, enter values into the Height, Width, Left, and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate, enter values into the Height and Width boxes. In the Selection and Visibility pane, press and hold CTRL, and then select the rounded rectangle and four rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group. To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box. On the slide, drag to draw a text box. Type the text you want to appear in the text box, and then select the text. Format the text in the textbox using the following steps: On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. On the Home tab, in the Font group, choose the Calibri font and a font size of 26. Click Align Top. Click Align Center. The remainder of picture will extend beyond the bottom edge of the slide area. You may need to zoom out to view your slide. To zoom out, on the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom. In the Zoom dialog box, select 33%. Click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left. Drag the text box to the lower left part of the rounded rectangle. To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rounded Rectangle (second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rounded rectangle. To reproduce the animation effects for the picture on this slide, do the following: On the slide, select the picture. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then, under Entrance, click Fade. Select the rounded rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous. In the Shape Height box, enter 2.5”. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, type 2. In the Shape Width box, enter 8”. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then click More Motion Paths. Click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then click No Fill. Click the arrow next to Shape Outline, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Add Motion Paths dialog box, under Lines and Curves, click Up. Also on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Line Style. In the Line Style pane, in the Width box, enter 12.5 pt. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, type 20. On the slide, select the Up motion path, and then do the following: Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the end point (red arrow) of the motion path to the top edge of the slide. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click 3-D Format, and then do the following in the 3-D Format pane: Press and hold Shift, and then drag the starting point (green arrow) of the motion path to the bottom edge of the slide. Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Cool click Freezing (second option from the left). To reproduce the animation effects for the text on this slide, do the following: On the slide, select the text box. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, type .5. Click Align Middle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Delay box, type 3.0. Also on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then, under Exit, click Fade. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 2.51”. In the Shape Width box, enter 10”. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Outline, and then click No Outline. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Delay box, type 8.0. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click the arrow next to Shape Fill, point to Gradient, and then click More Gradients. On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy, and then click Duplicate. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: On the slide, click in the second text box and edit the text. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Type list, select Linear. Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). In the Animation Pane, do the following: Select the entrance animation on the second text box. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 8.5, and then click OK. Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the exit animation on the second text box. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 13.0, and then click OK. Select the first stop from the left in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). On the slide, select the second text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy, and then click Duplicate. On the slide, click in the third text box and edit the text. In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the second stop from the left in the slider, and then do the following: Select the entrance animation on the third text box. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 13.5, and then click OK. In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 25% (fourth row, second option from the left). Select the exit animation on the third text box. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 19.5, and then click OK. On the slide, press and hold CTRL, and then select the three text boxes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy, and then click Duplicate. Click Align Selected Objects. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Vertical. To reproduce the animation effects for the shapes on this slide, do the following: Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: On the slide, select the rounded rectangle and the group of shapes that form the background of the slide. Click Align Bottom. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then click More Emphasis Effects. In the Add Emphasis Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Grow/Shrink. Also on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous. In the Shape Height box, enter 2.55”. In the Shape Width box, enter 1.06”. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click Horizontal. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Line Color. In the Line Color pane, select No line. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then click More Exit Effects. In the Add Emphasis Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Fade. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 25% (fourth row, second option from the left). Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, type 1.

2 Principios y postulados Epistemológicos en que se fundamenta
CIENCIAS UNERMB NOTICIAS PARA DOCTORANTES - Primera Edición 2011 MARIO BUNGE EN SUS 92 AÑOS Buenos Aires Argentina; 1919. Físico, filósofo, epistemólogo , humanista. Bunge postula la aplicación del método científico al campo de la reflexión filosófica y se ha distinguido en su beligerancia contra las pseudociencias y ha combatido corrientes filosóficas como el existencialismo, el posmodernismo y la hermenéutica. Principios y postulados Epistemológicos en que se fundamenta

3 Principios y postulados Epistemológicos en que se fundamenta
Planteo preciso del problema (o replanteo de un viejo problema a la luz de nuevos conocimientos) Búsqueda de conocimientos relevantes al problema; tentativa de solución del problema con ayuda de los medios identificados Invención de nuevas ideas (hipótesis, teorías o técnicas) para la producción de nuevos datos empíricos que posibiliten la resolución del problema Obtención de una solución; Puesta a prueba de la solución Procedimiento de una Investigación de acuerdo al método científico (Bunge 1993: 34-5) Unfolding SmartArt pyramid (Basic) To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click Pyramid. In the Pyramid pane, click Inverted Pyramid (second option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide. On the slide, right-click the top layer in the graphic, point to Add Shape, then click Add Shape Before. Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text. (Note: If the text is too long to fit into one line in the bottom layer, split the text into two lines.) Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, do the following: Click Change Colors, and then under Colorful click Colorful Range - Accent Colors 3 to 4 (third option from the left). Click More, and then under Best Match for Document click Intense Effect (fifth option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Calibri from the Font list, select 20 from the Font Size list, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Size, and then do the following: In the Height box, enter 5.07”. In the Width box, enter 5.53”. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Arrange group, click Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Middle. Click Align Center. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animations group, click Animation Pane. On the slide, select the graphic. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow at the side of the Effects Gallery, and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Peek In, and then click OK. Also on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options and do the following: Under Direction, select From Top. Under Sequence, select One by One. On the Animation tab, in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, click After Previous. In the Duration list, click To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. In the Direction list, click Linear Right (first row, fourth option from the left) in the drop-down list. Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear on the slider, then customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop on the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 70%. Select the last stop on the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 15% (third row, first option from the left). Principios y postulados Epistemológicos en que se fundamenta

4 Discusiones y aportes en torno
AVANCES Algunos Aportes Mundiales: La ciencia: su método y su filosofía (1966); La investigación científica: su estrategia y su filosofía (1969); El principio de causalidad en la ciencia moderna (1972) La ciencia: su método y su filosofía (1973) Teoría y realidad (1975) Tratado de filosofía, 8 volumes en semánticas, ontología, epistemología, filosofía de la ciencia y tecnología, y axiología y ética (1984) "Realismo y antirrealismo en la filosofía contemporánea" (1985) Seudociencia e ideología (1985); Las teorías de la Causalidad (1977) La sociología de la Ciencia (1993) Ética, Ciencia y Técnica (1995) Discusiones y aportes en torno al Saber científico

5 Discusiones y aportes en torno
AVANCES Discusiones y aportes en torno al Saber científico Algunos Aportes Mundiales: Define conocimiento Científico como “ el estudio de la realidad por medio del método científico y con el fin de descubrir las leyes de las cosas”. (1985, pág. 10) “El objeto central de la investigación en la ciencia factual pura es, por definición, mejorar el conocimiento que tiene el hombre de los hechos” (1985, pág. 44).

6 Discusiones y aportes en torno
“Es el enfoque de los perezosos: La investigación cualitativa, en su primera fase, (el planteamiento del problema, variables relevantes) esta bien, pero en una segunda fase debe ser cuantitativa. Para ser eficaz se necesitan datos numéricos, porque sino la investigación no seria profunda, ni los datos útiles para nadie” “La filosofía esta en centro de la ciencia y de la técnica. Los filósofos pueden ayudar a los científicos a analizar y refinar conceptos a hipótesis , así como a poner al descubierto sus presuposiciones” . “No hay medida universal para definir complejidad” “Está en desacuerdo con el constructivismo pedagógico. El constructivismo y el relativismo No han producido ni un solo conocimiento nuevo acerca de la sociedad o naturaleza” Animated trapezoid list as turning pages (Basic) To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Trapezoid List (seventh row, first option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide. To create a fourth shape in the graphic, select the third shape from the left, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow under Add Shape and select Add Shape After. Select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text. (Note: To create a bulleted list below each heading, select the heading text box in the Type your text here dialog box, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet. Enter text into the new bullet text box.) On the slide, select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, do the following: Click Change Colors, and then under Accent 5 click Gradient Range - Accent 5 (third option from the left). Click More, and then under 3-D click Polished (first row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Tw Cen MT Condensed from the Font list, and then select 24 from the Font Size list. Select the text in one of the headings. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select 28 from the Font Size list. Repeat this process for the text in the other headings. Press and hold SHIFT, and then select all four of the quadrangles in the graphic. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Text Box. In the Text Box pane, under Text layout, in the Vertical alignment list, select Middle. Select the graphic. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Size, and then do the following: In the Height box, enter 3.74”. In the Width box, enter 6.67”. Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, click Arrange, click Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Middle. Click Align Center. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animations group, click Animation Pane. On the slide, select the graphic. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow on the Effects Gallery and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Expand, and then click OK. In the Timing group, in the Duration list, click In the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, then under Motion Paths, click Lines. In the Animation group, click Effect Options and then click Right. On the slide, right-click the motion path effect, and then click Reverse Path Direction. Press and hold CTRL, and then select both animation effects in the Custom Animation pane. In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Sequence, click One by one. Also in the Animation Pane, click the double arrow under each of the animation effects to expand the contents of the list of effects. Press and hold CTRL, and then select the first, second, third, and fourth animation effects (expand effects) in the Custom Animation pane. In the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous. Press and hold CTRL, select the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth animation effects (right motion paths) in the Animation Pane, and then in the Timing group, do the following: In the Start list, click With Previous. In the Duration list, click Also in the Custom Animation pane, do the following to reorder the list of effects: Drag the fifth animation effect (first right motion path) until it is second in the list of effects. Drag the sixth animation effect (second right motion path) until it is fourth in the list of effects. Drag the seventh animation effect (third right motion path) until it is sixth in the list of effects. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial. In the Direction list, click From Top Right Corner (fourth option from the left) in the drop-down list. Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear on the slider, then customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop on the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Select the last stop on the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left). Discusiones y aportes en torno al Saber científico Sesión de preguntas y respuestas con Mario Bunge YouTube.com

7 El conocimiento científico es: Discusiones y aportes en torno
Claro y preciso Fáctico Comunicable Legal Predictivo Trasciende hechos General Sistemático Verificable Custom animation effects: moving binder tabs (Intermediate) Tip: You will need to use drawing guides to position the shapes and text on the slide. To display and set the drawing guides, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. Right-click the slide background area, and then click Grid and Guides. In the Grid and Guides dialog box, under Guide settings, select Display drawing guides on screen. (Note: One horizontal and one vertical guide will display on the slide at 0.00, the default position. As you drag the guides, the cursor will display the new position.) On the slide, do the following: Press and hold CTRL, select the vertical guide, and then drag it left to the 3.50 position. Press and hold CTRL, select the vertical guide, and then drag it left to the 1.75 position. Press and hold CTRL, select the vertical guide, and then drag it right to the 1.75 position. Press and hold CTRL, select the vertical guide, and then drag it right to the 3.50 position. To reproduce the long, thin rectangle on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 0.05”. In the Shape Width box, enter 10”. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Line Color. In the Line Color pane, select No line. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, under Outer click Offset Bottom (first row, second option from the left), and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 68%. In the Blur box, enter 3.5 pt. In the Distance box, enter 2.2 pt. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click 3-D Format. In the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 15 pt, and in the Height box, enter 3 pt. Under Surface, click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Balance (first row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 145°. On the slide, drag the rectangle about 0.25” above the 0.00 horizontal drawing guide. (Note: To view the ruler, on the View tab, in the Show/Hide group, select Ruler.) On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Center. To reproduce the tab (rounded rectangle) on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Round Same Side Corner Rectangle (eighth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rounded rectangle. On the slide, select the rounded rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 0.58”. In the Shape Width box, enter 1.33”. Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 4 pt, and in the Height box, enter 4 pt. On the slide, drag the rounded rectangle until the bottom edge touches the top edge of the long, thin rectangle and it is centered on the 3.50 left vertical drawing guide. To reproduce the first text box on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box. On the slide, drag to draw a text box. Enter TAB ONE, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select TW Cen MT Condensed. In the Font Size box, enter 22 pt. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box. On the slide, drag the text box onto the rounded rectangle until the bottom edge of the text is 1” above the 0.00 horizontal drawing guide and it is centered on the 3.50 left vertical drawing guide. To reproduce the other text boxes on this slide, do the following: On the slide, select the first text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process three more times for a total of five text boxes. Click in one of the duplicate text boxes, delete TAB ONE, and then enter TAB TWO. Drag the second text box until the bottom edge of the text is 1” above the 0.00 horizontal drawing guide and it is centered on the 1.75 left vertical drawing guide. Click in another duplicate text box, delete TAB ONE, and then enter TAB THREE. Drag the third text box until the bottom edge of the text is 1” above the 0.00 horizontal drawing guide and it is centered on the 0.00 vertical drawing guide. Click in another duplicate text box, delete TAB ONE, and then enter TAB FOUR. Drag the fourth text box until the bottom edge of the text is 1” above the 0.00 horizontal drawing guide and it is centered on the 1.75 right vertical drawing guide. Click in the last duplicate text box, delete TAB ONE, and then enter TAB FIVE. Drag the fifth text box until the bottom edge of the text is 1” above the 0.00 horizontal drawing guide and it is centered on the 3.50 right vertical drawing guide. Select the text in the first text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Repeat this process for each of the other text boxes. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the rounded rectangle (“Round Same Side Corner Rectangle” object). In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and then click Right. Select the first animation effect (right motion path for the rounded rectangle). On the slide, point to the endpoint (red arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the endpoint to the 1.75 left vertical drawing guide. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the rounded rectangle again. In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Select the second animation effect (right motion path for the rounded rectangle). On the slide, point to the endpoint (red arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the endpoint to the 0.00 vertical drawing guide. On the slide, point to the starting point (green arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the starting point to the 1.75 left vertical drawing guide. Select the third animation effect (right motion path for the rounded rectangle). On the slide, point to the endpoint (red arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the endpoint to the 1.75 right vertical drawing guide. On the slide, point to the starting point (green arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the starting point to the 0.00 vertical drawing guide. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the rounded rectangle again. In the Custom Animation task pane, , do the following: Select the fourth animation effect (right motion path for the rounded rectangle). On the slide, point to the endpoint (red arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the endpoint to the 3.50 right vertical drawing guide. On the slide, point to the starting point (green arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the starting point to the 1.75 right vertical drawing guide. On the View tab, in the Show/Hide group, clear Ruler. Right-click the slide background area, and then click Grid and Guides. In the Grid and Guides dialog box, under Guide settings, clear Display drawing guides on screen. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Up (second row, second option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 65%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Blue, Accent 1, Lighter 60% (third row, fifth option from the left). Discusiones y aportes en torno al Saber científico

8 Discusiones y aportes en torno
La Ciencia es: Analítica Explicativa Abierta Útil Custom animation effects: fly-in and shrink lines, stretch rectangles (Intermediate) To reproduce the first vertical line on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Lines click Line. On the slide, press and hold SHIFT, and then drag to draw a straight, vertical line. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, in the Shape Width box, enter 4.5”. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Line Color pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Right (first row, fourth option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 0°. Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, select More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 148, Green: 172, and Blue: 208. In the Transparency box, enter 100%. Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 50%. In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99%. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Style in the left pane. In the Line Style pane, in the Width box, enter 6 pt. To reproduce the first rectangle on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 2”. In the Shape Width box, enter 2”. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Up (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 270°. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 44, Green: 93, and Blue: 152. In the Stop position box, enter 80%. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 60, Green: 123, Blue: 199. In the Stop position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 58, Green: 124, Blue: 203. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane. In the Line Color pane, select No line. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and in the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 5 pt, and in the Height box, enter 2 pt. Under Surface, in the Angle box, enter 20°. On the slide, right-click the rectangle and then click Edit Text. Enter text in the text box and select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Calibri. In the Font Size list, select 32. Click the button next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). On the slide, press and hold CTRL, and then select the line and the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Selected Objects. Click Align Left. With the line and rectangle still selected, drag them to the left side of the slide. To reproduce the animation effects for the first vertical line and rectangle on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. On the slide, select the line. In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Fly In. Select the first animation effect (fly-in effect for the line), and then under Modify: Fly In, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous. In the Direction list, select From Top. In the Speed list, select Fast. Click Add Effect, point to Emphasis, and then click More Effects. In the Add Emphasis Effect dialog box, under Basic, click Grow/Shrink. Select the second animation effect (grow/shrink effect for the line). Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Effect Options. In the Grow/Shrink dialog box, do the following: On the Effect tab, do the following: In the Size list, select Tiny. Also in the Size list, select Vertical. On the Timing tab, do the following: In the Delay box, enter 0.5. In the Speed list, select 1 seconds (Fast). On the slide, select the rectangle. In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Stretch. Select the third animation effect (stretch effect for the rectangle), and then under Modify: Stretch, do the following: In the Start list, select After Previous. In the Direction list, select From Left. To reproduce the other shapes with animation effects on this slide, do the following: On the slide, press and hold CTRL, and then select the rectangle and the line. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. On the slide, drag the second line and rectangle to the center of the slide. With the second line and rectangle still selected, on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. On the slide, drag the third line and rectangle to the right side of the slide. On the slide, press CTRL+A to select all the objects. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align to Slide. Click Align Middle. Click the text in each of the duplicate rectangles, and then edit the text. On the slide, select the second (middle) line. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Line Color pane, and then do the following: Click the button next to Color, select More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 154, Green: 181, Blue: 228. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left). On the slide, select the second (middle) rectangle. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 118, Green: 149, Blue: 53. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 115, Green: 195, Blue: 72. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 156, Green: 199, Blue: 70. On the slide, select the third (right) line. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Line Color pane, and then do the following: Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Aqua, Accent 5, Lighter 40% (fourth row, ninth option from the left). On the slide, select the third (right) rectangle. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: Click the button next to Color, select More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 39, Green: 135, Blue: 160. Click the button next to Color, select More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 54, Green: 177, Blue: 210. Click the button next to Color, select More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 52, Green: 179, Blue: 214. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial. Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left). In the Stop position box, enter 33%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Stop position box, enter 67%. Click the button next to Color, select More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 228, Green: 233, Blue: 236. Click the button next to Color, select More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 178, Green: 186, Blue: 210. Discusiones y aportes en torno al Saber científico

9 La Investigación Científica es: Discusiones y aportes en torno
Especializada Metódica Planeada Custom animation effects: rotating tubes with text (Intermediate) To reproduce the first shape effect on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following: In the Shape Height box, enter 0.75”. In the Shape Width box, enter 7.42”. Drag the rectangle above the middle of the slide, and then align the right edge with the right edge of the slide. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Tight Reflection, touching. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. In the Direction list, select Linear Up (second row, second option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until four stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows: Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 0%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Blue, Accent 1, Lighter 40% (fourth row, fifth option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 26%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 5% (second row, first option from the left). Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 80%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 50% (second row, second option from the left). Select Stop 4 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left). Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane. In the Line Color pane, select No line. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, under Outer click Offset Center, and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 60%. In the Size box, enter 102%. In the Blur box, enter 5 pt. In the Angle box, enter 0° In the Distance box, enter 0 pt. On the slide, select the rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Select the second, duplicate rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Effects, point to Reflection, and then click No Reflection. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane. In the Fill pane, click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under No Shadow click No Shadow. On the slide, drag the second rectangle until it is directly on top of the first rectangle. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane. In the Selection and Visibility pane, press and hold CTRL, and then select both rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following: Click Align Selected Objects. Click Align Center. Click Align Middle. To reproduce the first text effect on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box. On the slide, drag to draw a text box. Enter the first line of text on the slide, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Trebuchet MS. In the Font Size box, enter 26. Click Bold. Click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 25% (fourth row, second option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, select the text box. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Shadow, and then click Shadow Options. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, under Inner click Inside Diagonal Bottom Left (third row, first option from the left), and then do the following: Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 21%. In the Angle box, enter 90°. In the Distance box, enter 4 pt. On the slide, drag the text box onto the second (top) rectangle. To animate the first shape and text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the third object in the list (the first rectangle you created). In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Ascend. Select the animation effect (ascend effect for the first rectangle). Under Modify: Ascend, do the following: In the Start list, select With Previous. In the Speed list, select Fast. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the second object in the list (the second rectangle you created). In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade. Select the second animation effect (fade effect for the second rectangle). Under Modify: Fade, do the following: In the Start list, select After Previous. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the first object in the list (text box). In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following: Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, click Stretch. Select the third animation effect (stretch effect for the text box). Under Modify: Stretch, do the following: In the Direction list, select From Top. To reproduce the other animated shapes and text on this slide, do the following: Press and hold CTRL, and then in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the two rectangles and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. With the second group of objects still selected on the slide, drag them under the first group of objects, aligning the right edge of the rectangles with the right edge of the slide. With the second group of objects still selected on the slide, on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. With the third group of objects still selected on the slide, drag them under the second group of objects, aligning the right edge of the rectangles with the right edge of the slide. Click in the second and third duplicate text boxes and edit the text. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial. Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (fifth row, first option from the left). Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 5% (fifth row, second option from the left). Discusiones y aportes en torno al Saber científico

10 Toda investigación es una pregunta en busca de una Respuesta.
“El hombre encuentra a Dios detrás de cada puerta que la ciencia logra abrir” ALBERT EINSTEIN .