Apuntas de repaso Explanation and conjugations of Present Tense verbs Fecha: Hoy es martes 21 de agosto del 2012.

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1 Apuntas de repaso Explanation and conjugations of Present Tense verbs Fecha: Hoy es martes 21 de agosto del 2012

2 Present tense Notes 1.Present tense A verb is a word that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. All Spanish verbs belong to one of three categories, according to the infinitive, -ar, -er, or –ir verbs. How to form regular verbs: 1: drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) 2: add the appropriate present tense endings to match the subject. -ar verb endings-er endings-ir endings o as a amos an áis oo es ee emosimos éisís en

3 How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs; 1.Yo bailo todos los días Yo is the subject pronoun bailo is the conjugated verb Todos los días is the rest of the sentence Bailar is the infinitive of the conjugated verb bailo.

4 How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs; 1.Yo bailo todos los días Yo is the subject pronoun bailo is the conjugated verb Todos los días is the rest of the sentence Bailar is the infinitive of the conjugated verb bailo.

5 Continuation of notes When to use it The present tense forms of Spanish verbs express both the English present tense (I walk) Yo hablo and the English present progressive (I am walking) Yo estoy hablando. Spanish Present tense forms also include the auxiliary verb do/does that English uses in questions and negative sentences. Do/does are not expressed in Spanish before another verb

6 Continuation of notes Indicates: A) an action or state of being at the present time. Examples: 1. Hablo español I speak Spanish, I am speaking Spanish, I do speak Spanish 2. Creo en Dios I believe in God

7 Continuation of notes B) Habitual action Example: Voy a la biblioteca todos los días I go to the library every day I do go to the library every day. C). A general truth, something which is permanently true Examples : 1) Seis menos dos son cuatro. Six minus two are four 2) El ejercicio hace maestro al novicio. Practice makes perfect.

8 Continuation of notes D) Vividness when talking about past events. Example: El asesino se pone pálido. Tiene miedo. Sale de la casa y corre a lo largo del río. The murderer turns pale. He is afraid. He goes out of the house and runs along the river. e) A near future. Examples: 1. Mi hermano llega mañana. My brother arrives tomorrow. 2. ¿Escuchamos un disco ahora? Shall we listen to a record now?

9 Continuation of notes Types of irregular verbs – -oy verbs - These verbs are irregular in the yo form (and possibly other forms). The yo form ends in “oy” Examples: ser, ir, dar, estar (best to just memorize these verbs and their forms) – Stem changers (aka shoe verbs) – These verbs have a change in the stem (what’s left after removing the –ar, -er, or –ir) There are 4 types: – e-ie (tener, querer, comenzar, etc.) – e-I (decir, pedir,seguir etc.) – o-ue (dormir, poder, etc.) – u-ue (jugar) Steps to form them: 1: Chopsuey 2: Switch-a-roonie 3: schmoosh

10 Continuation of notes – “-go” verbs – These verbs are irregular in the yo form (and possibly other forms). The yo form ends in “go” Examples: poner, salir, hacer, traer, venir, decir, oír, seguir Another type of verbs – Reflexives – A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same. In other words, when the subject does something to himself. – When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."

11 Continuation of notes To learn to conjugate reflexive verbs, you need a different set of pronouns called "reflexive pronouns." These pronouns are positioned before the verb, while the ending "se" is dropped and the verb is conjugated normally. The reflexive pronouns are not subject pronouns; rather they are object pronouns. The purpose of the reflexive object pronouns is to show that the action of the verb remains with the subject.

12 Continuation of notes me (myself) te (yourself) se (himself, herself, yourself) nos (ourselves) os (yourselves) se (themselves, yourselves) To conjugate a reflexive verb: 1.Remove the “se” 2.Rearrange – move the “se” to the front of the verb 3.Make a change – change the “se” to match the subject 4.Chopsuey – remove the –ar,-er, or –ir 5.Switch-a-roonie – make a stem change if necessary 6.Schmoosh – add the correct ending to match the subject Lav se mearo(yo)(tú)ac o st ar se te ue as

13 Continuation of notes When two verbs are used together, the first verb is conjugated and the second verb is left in the infinitive form. (big brother-little brother verbs) – Example: I want to eat.Quiero comer. When the 2 nd verb is reflexive, change the “se” to match the subject, but leave it at the end of the verb. – Example: I need to go to bedNecesito acostarme

14 Present Tense Conjugations

15 1 1. To talk, to speak Hablar Hablo Hablas Habla Hablamos Hablan Habláis

16 2 1. To eatcomer Como comes come comemos coméis comen

17 3 1. To livevivir vivo vives vive vivimos vivís viven

18 4 1. To beser soy eres es somos son sois

19 5 1. To beEstar Estoy Estás EstáEstán Estamos Estáis

20 6 1. To goir voy vas va vamos vais van

21 7 1. To give, to throw(a party) dar doy das da damos dan dais

22 8 1. To seever veo ves ve vemos ven véis

23 9 1. To readleer leo lees lee leemos leéis leen

24 10 1. To paypagar pago pagas paga pagamos pagan pagáis

25 11 1. To touch, to play (an instrument) tocar toco tocas toca tocamos tocan tocáis

26 12 1. To learnaprender aprendo aprendes aprende aprendemos aprenden aprendéis

27 13 1. To havetener tengo tienes tienetienen tenemos tenéis

28 14 1. To want, to wish, To love querer quiero quieres quiere quieren queremos queréis

29 15 1. To begincomenzar comienzo comienzas comienzacomienzan comenzamos comenzáis

30 16 1. To sleepdormir duermo duermes duermeduermen dormimos dormís

31 17 1. To be able to, can poder podemos Podéis puedo puedes puedepueden

32 18 1. To put, to placeponer pongo pones pone ponemos ponéis ponen

33 19 1. To leave, to go out salir salgo sales sale salimos salís salen

34 20 1. To do, to makehacer hago haces hace hacemos hacéis hacen

35 21 1. To bringtraer traigo traes trae traemos traéis traen

36 22 1. To comeVenir Vengo Vienes viene Venimos Venís vienen

37 23 1. To knowsaber sé sabes sabe sabemos sabéis saben

38 24 1. To know, to be familiar with conocer conozco conoces conoce conocemos conocéis conocen

39 25 1. To wash one’s self Lavarse Me lavo Te lavas Se lava Nos lavamos Os laváis Se lavan

40 26 1. To go to bedacostarse Me acuesto Te acuestas Se acuesta Nos acostamos Os acostáis Se acuestan

41 27 1. To enjoy one’s self, To have a good time divertirse me divierto te diviertes se divierte nos divertimos os divertís se divierten

42 28 1. To walk andan ando andas anda andamos andar andáis

43 29 1. To say, to telldecir digo dices dice decimos decís dicen

44 30 1. To ask for, to request pedir pido pides pide pedimos pedís piden

45 31 1. To follow, to continue seguir sigo sigues sigue seguimos seguís siguen

46 31 1. To hearoír oigo oyes oye oímos oís oyen