Direct Object Pronouns The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.

Presentación del tema: "Direct Object Pronouns The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object."— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Direct Object Pronouns The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.

2 Javier hit the ball. "Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit.“ Javier hit the ball. "Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit.“ Susana reads the book. "Book" receives the action of the verb "reads." Susana reads the book. "Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."

3 The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing Javier hit the ball. Javier hit what? Javier hit the ball. Javier hit the ball. Javier hit what? Javier hit the ball. Susana hit Javier. Susana hit whom? Susana hit Javier. Susana hit Javier. Susana hit whom? Susana hit Javier.

4 When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns me (me) te (you-familiar) lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal) me (me) te (you-familiar) lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal) nos (us) os (you-all-familiar) los, las (them, you-all-formal) nos (us) os (you-all-familiar) los, las (them, you-all-formal)

5 However, if the direct object of the sentence changes to a masculine noun, the masculine pronoun must be used Juan lo tiene. Juan lo tiene. Juan tiene = John has Juan tiene el libro. = John has the book. Juan lo tiene. = John has it. Juan tiene = John has Juan tiene el libro. = John has the book. Juan lo tiene. = John has it.

6 Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used. María los tiene. María los tiene. María tiene = Mary has María tiene los libros. = Mary has the books. María los tiene. = Mary has them. María tiene = Mary has María tiene los libros. = Mary has the books. María los tiene. = Mary has them.

7 Look at how Spanish and English are different "It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la "It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la "Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have) "Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have) The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes before the verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb. The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes before the verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb.

8 Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems eat it. (the soup - la sopa) I = Yo I eat = Yo como I eat it. = Yo como la. eat it. (the soup - la sopa) I = Yo I eat = Yo como I eat it. = Yo como la. This is completely incorrect! This is completely incorrect!

9 Now, some examples of plural direct objects. Juan come dos sándwiches. Los come. or Juan los come. Juan come dos sándwiches. Los come. or Juan los come. María tiene tres libros. Los tiene. or María los tiene. María tiene tres libros. Los tiene. or María los tiene. El chico compra dos revistas. Las compra. or El chico las compra. El chico compra dos revistas. Las compra. or El chico las compra.

10 Now, some examples where the direct object is a person I know you. Te conozco. I know you. Te conozco. She loves him. Ella lo ama. She loves him. Ella lo ama. She loves me. Ella me ama. She loves me. Ella me ama. Juan sees her. Juan la ve. Juan sees her. Juan la ve. They call us. Ellos nos llaman. They call us. Ellos nos llaman. We call them. Los llamamos. We call them. Los llamamos.

11 In a negative sentence with one verb, the direct object pronoun is placed between the negative word and the conjugated verb. Affirmative Sentence Affirmative Sentence I buy the books. Compro los libros. Los compro. (I buy them.) I buy the books. Compro los libros. Los compro. (I buy them.) Negative Sentence Negative Sentence I don't buy the books. No compro los libros. No los compro. (I don't buy them.) I don't buy the books. No compro los libros. No los compro. (I don't buy them.)

12 Indirect Object Pronouns The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going. The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going. He gives the book to María. DO=Book He gives the book to María. DO=Book Where is the book going? To María. Where is the book going? To María. IO=María IO=María

13 The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?" the action of the verb is performed Sentences that have an indirect object usually also have a direct object. Sentences that have an indirect object usually also have a direct object.

14 When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns me (me) te (you-familiar) le (him, her, you-formal) me (me) te (you-familiar) le (him, her, you-formal) nos (us) os (you-all-familiar) les (them, you-all-formal) nos (us) os (you-all-familiar) les (them, you-all-formal)

15 In an affirmative statement with one verb, the indirect object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb Juan me compra un regalo. John buys me a gift. John buys a gift for me. Juan me compra un regalo. John buys me a gift. John buys a gift for me. Juan te compra un regalo. John buys you a gift. John buys a gift for you. Juan te compra un regalo. John buys you a gift. John buys a gift for you. Juan le compra un regalo. John buys her a gift. John buys a gift for her. Juan le compra un regalo. John buys her a gift. John buys a gift for her. Juan nos compra un regalo. John buys us a gift. John buys a gift for us. Juan nos compra un regalo. John buys us a gift. John buys a gift for us.

16 The IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because they are ambiguous. That is, they can stand for different things. le to (for) him to (for) her to (for) you-formal le to (for) him to (for) her to (for) you-formal les to (for) them to (for) you-all-formal les to (for) them to (for) you-all-formal

17 Ella le escribe una carta. She writes him a letter. She writes her a letter. She writes you (formal) a letter. Ella le escribe una carta. She writes him a letter. She writes her a letter. She writes you (formal) a letter.

18 Since le and les can mean more than one thing, a prepositional phrase is often added to remove the ambiguity. Ella le escribe a Juan una carta. Ella le escribe a Juan una carta. Ella le escribe a su hermana una carta. Ella le escribe a su hermana una carta. Ella le escribe a usted una carta. Ella le escribe a usted una carta. Ella les escribe a sus padres una carta. Ella les escribe a sus padres una carta.

19 Let's sum up the important points of this lesson The IO tells us where the DO is going. The IO tells us where the DO is going. The IO answers the question "to whom" or "for whom." The IO answers the question "to whom" or "for whom." Sentences that have an IO usually also have a DO Sentences that have an IO usually also have a DO Sometimes the DO is not stated, but rather is implied, or understood. Sometimes the DO is not stated, but rather is implied, or understood. The IO pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, os, les. The IO pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, os, les. Place the pronoun before the conjugated verb. Place the pronoun before the conjugated verb. Think in phrases, do not translate word-for-word. Think in phrases, do not translate word-for-word. Le and les are ambiguous. Le and les are ambiguous. Prepositional phrases are often used for clarity and for emphasis. Prepositional phrases are often used for clarity and for emphasis.

20 In sentences with two verbs, there are two options regarding the placement of the indirect object pronoun. Place it immediately before the conjugated verb Place it immediately before the conjugated verb Attach it directly to the infinitive Attach it directly to the infinitive

21 Ejemplos Me necesitas dar un regalo. You need to give me a gift. Me necesitas dar un regalo. You need to give me a gift. Te necesito comprar un sombrero. I need to buy you a hat. Te necesito comprar un sombrero. I need to buy you a hat. Juan nos debe prestar el dinero. Juan must lend us the money. Juan nos debe prestar el dinero. Juan must lend us the money.

22 Here are examples of the indirect object pronoun attached directly to the infinitive Necesitas darme un regalo. You need to give me a gift. Necesitas darme un regalo. You need to give me a gift. Necesito comprarte un sombrero. I need to buy you a hat. Necesito comprarte un sombrero. I need to buy you a hat. Juan debe prestarnos el dinero. Juan must lend us the money. Juan debe prestarnos el dinero. Juan must lend us the money.

23 Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns Used Together When you have both a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun in the same sentence, the indirect object pronoun comes first. When you have both a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun in the same sentence, the indirect object pronoun comes first.

24 Ejemplos Ellos me los dan. They give them to me. IO pronoun: me DO pronoun: los Ellos me los dan. They give them to me. IO pronoun: me DO pronoun: los Ella te la vende. She sells it to you. IO pronoun: te DO pronoun: la Ella te la vende. She sells it to you. IO pronoun: te DO pronoun: la

25 Whenever both pronouns begin with the letter "l" change the first pronoun to "se." le lo = se lo le la = se la le los = se los le las = se las les lo = se lo les la = se la les los = se los les las = se las le lo = se lo le la = se la le los = se los le las = se las les lo = se lo les la = se la les los = se los les las = se las

26 In negative sentences, the negative word comes directly before the first pronoun No se lo tengo. I don't have it for you. No se lo tengo. I don't have it for you. Nunca se los compro. I never buy them for her. Nunca se los compro. I never buy them for her.

27 Because the pronoun se can have so many meanings, it is often helpful to clarify it by using a prepositional phrase Él se lo dice. Ambiguous. He tells it to (whom?). Él se lo dice. Ambiguous. He tells it to (whom?). Él se lo dice a Juan. He tells it to him. (to Juan) Él se lo dice a Juan. He tells it to him. (to Juan) Él se lo dice a María. He tells it to her. (to María) Él se lo dice a María. He tells it to her. (to María)

28 In sentences with two verbs, there are two options regarding the placement of the pronouns. Place them immediately before the conjugated verb or attach them directly to the infinitive. I want to tell it to you. Te lo quiero decir. Quiero decírtelo. I want to tell it to you. Te lo quiero decir. Quiero decírtelo. You need to send it to them. Se la necesitas enviar a ellos. Necesitas enviársela a ellos You need to send it to them. Se la necesitas enviar a ellos. Necesitas enviársela a ellos

29 Note that when attaching the pronouns to the infinitive, a written accent is also added to the final syllable of the infinitive. This preserves the sound of the infinitive. Note that when attaching the pronouns to the infinitive, a written accent is also added to the final syllable of the infinitive. This preserves the sound of the infinitive. When the pronouns are attached to the infinitive, make the sentence negative by placing the negative word directly before the conjugated verb. When the pronouns are attached to the infinitive, make the sentence negative by placing the negative word directly before the conjugated verb.

30 Ejemplos Ella debe explicármelo. Ella no debe explicármelo. Ella debe explicármelo. Ella no debe explicármelo. Quiero decírtelo. No quiero decírtelo. Quiero decírtelo. No quiero decírtelo. Necesitas enviársela a ellos. No necesitas enviársela a ellos. Necesitas enviársela a ellos. No necesitas enviársela a ellos.

31 When the pronouns come before the conjugated verb, make the sentence negative by placing the negative word directly before the pronouns. Te lo quiero decir. No te lo quiero decir. Te lo quiero decir. No te lo quiero decir. Se la necesitas enviar a ellos. No se la necesitas enviar a ellos. Se la necesitas enviar a ellos. No se la necesitas enviar a ellos.

32 Ahora !!!Es hora de practicar!!!! !!!Es hora de practicar!!!!