Bogotá, Colombia Jorge Acevedo Universidad de los Andes Bogotá

Bogotá Today (1) Population: ~7 million, growing 2.2% p.a. ~1 m private vehicles. ( ~2.5% p.a onwards ~5.5 %) ( ~2.5% p.a onwards ~5.5 %) ~35,000 buses, minibuses and colectivos, most of them old (average age over 14 years) ~10,000 of them illegal. ~70,000 taxis, ~15,000 of them illegal Excessive numbers constitute overt oversupply.

Bogota Today (2) ~18 million total trips per day ~14 million motorized trips ~4.5 million private + taxi (32%) ~9.5 million public transport (68%) Of these, TransMilenio first phase serves 800,000 trips (730,000 former public, 70,000 former private)

Public transport organization ~35,000 buses + minibuses + colectivos ~35,000 drivers >35,000 public vehicle owners These are organized around 65 public transport companies that affiliate the vehicles, to let them serve the companys licensed routes. Affiliation costs a down payment and monthly payments.

Bogota policies managing demand Pico y placa: restriction to operate through vehicle license plate last digit.Pico y placa: restriction to operate through vehicle license plate last digit. Private transport: 40% restricted daily, Monday through Friday, from 7-9 am and 5-7 pm Public (inc. taxis): 20% restricted daily, Monday through Saturday, the whole day. >200 km of bicycle paths

Modelo Conceptual de TransMilenio Infraestructura suministrada por el Estado Troncales Estaciones Patios y Talleres Infraestructura Complementaria Centro de Control TRANSMILENIO S.A. ALCALDIA MAYOR DE BOGOTA Planeación, Gestión y Control Operación suministrada por el S. Privado Buses Transporte Masivo Empresas Empleados Servicios Troncales Servicios Alimentadores Recaudo suministrado por el S. Privado Equipos Tarjetas Manejo Fiduciario PLANEACION

Corredores Exclusivos de TransMilenio Etapas I y II ( ) Etapa 1 Autopista Norte Caracas Calle 80 Corredor Férreo Sur Américas Etapa 2 NQS Av. Suba PLANEACION

BOGOTA 2016 PLANEACION

The challenge: remaining public transport Ongoing policy decrees aim at: Bus companies must lease vehicles from owners Companies must operate their fleet, collect fares, contract drivers, maintain vehicles Electronic vehicle license allows street detection and retention of illegal vehicles Part of fare goes to a fund to purchase old vehicles and destroy them