Explanation and conjugations

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Explanation and conjugations Preterite tense verbs Explanation and conjugations

Preterite Tense Notes Preterite tense How to form regular verbs: é The preterite is used for a past action that is completed. Treat the preterite tense as a word ending in the letters -ED. How to form regular verbs: 1: drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) 2: add the appropriate endings to match the subject. -ar verb endings -er /-ir endings é amos í imos aste asteis iste isteis ó aron ió ieron Note: the nosotros forms for -ar and -ir verbs are the same in both preterite and present tenses: hablamos, vivimos. Context gives us the clues to know which tense is being used.

Conversación Your partner asks if you did each of these actions yesterday. Respond yes and add a sentence about how it was (ie. "it was fun") comer en un restaurante enviar textos tomar el tren escribir un ensayo leer un libro ver una película trabajar visitar la familia

Spelling Changes in the Preterit Changes for sound In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive verb, some verbs change spelling in a few forms in the preterite tense. "Yo" form changes only: Verbs that end in -gar change g to gué Verbs that end in -car change c to qué Verbs that end in -zar change z to cé Ayer, yo tocé el piano toqué

Jugar jugué jugamos jugaste jugó jugaron Buscar busqué buscamos buscaste buscó buscaron Empezar empecé empezamos empezaste empezó empezaron

Spelling Changes, continued For ER/IR verbs that end in two vowels before the R (ie "leer" or "contribuir"), some the 3rd and 5th forms will conjugate with 3 vowels in a row This is not usually allowed in Spanish, so the "i" is changed into a "y": Leer Leí Leimos Leiste Leisteis Leyó Leyeron

Listening practice Hola, amigo. ¿Recibiste las notas del primer semestre? Sí, nos las pasaron en la segunda clase. ¿Y sacaste buenas notas? Sí, en todos menos la clase de Profe Brown. Él me marcó muy mal. ¿Hablaste con él? Sí, unos otros estudiantes y yo fuimos a su oficina para preguntarle por qué. ¿Y qué les contestó? Que no estudiamos suficientemente para el examen. Ay, sí. Yo también fracasé en éste. Sí, fue horrible. 7

Stem changers in the preterite -ar and -er verbs that change their stem in the present tense do not change in the preterite. They are conjugated just like other regular preterite verbs. Soñar - to dream Soñé Soñamos Soñaste Soñasteis Soñó Soñaron Devolver - to return Devolví Devolvimos Devolviste Devolvisteis Devolvió Devolvieron

Stem changers in the preterite -ir verbs that change their stem in the present tense do change in the preterite. However, they make different changes in the preterite: If they change o-UE in the present, they change o-u in the preterite. This change only occurs in the él and ellos forms. Dormir - PRESENT duermo Dormimos Duermes Duerme Duermen Dormir - PRETERITE Dormí Dormimos Dormiste Durmió durmieron

Stem changers in the preterite If they change e-ie or e-i in the present, they change e-i in the preterite. This change only occurs in the él and ellos forms. Mentir - PRESENT miento mentimos mientes miente mienten Mentir - PRETERITE mentí mentimos mentiste mintió mintieron

Irregular Verbs in the Preterite Alternate endings Some verbs, because of their short length, take alternate endings ser / ir dar (takes -er endings)

Irregular Verbs in the Preterite Alternate endings A number of verbs that are irregular in the preterite follow a particular pattern. Their stems change in ALL FORMS, and they all take the following irregular endings: -e -imos -iste -isteis -o -ieron

Here are the irregular verbs, along with their corresponding stem changes. Remember to use the irregular endings on these verbs. Infinitive Stem Change estar estuv- tener tuv- poder pud- poner pus- saber sup- hacer hic- querer quis- venir vin- decir dij- traer traj- Note: One exception is the él form (3rd person, singular) of hacer. To preserve the sound, the C changes to Z to form "él hizo." Note: A second exception is the ellos form (3rd person, plural) of decir and traer. These two verbs take the ending "eron", without the normal "i"