V ERBOS DE CAMBIO ( S TEM - CHANGING VERBS ) Capítulo 5 Gramática.

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V ERBOS DE CAMBIO ( S TEM - CHANGING VERBS ) Capítulo 5 Gramática

P RESENT T ENSE (R EPASO ) Present tense is used to describe actions that occur in the Present I run I am running I do run Do I run? Every verb in Spanish has a stem followed by an ending. The stem is everything before the ending and tells the verb’s meaning. The ending in Spanish can tell you who is the subject. The infinitive ending doesn’t name a subject. Cantar  to sing Canto  I sing Cantamos  we sing

P RESENT T ENSE (R EPASO ) To conjugate a verb means to change the verbs from the infinitive form to match the subject. To conjugate a verb in Spanish in Present Tense: 1. Drop the ending from the infinitive (the –ar, –er, or – ir) 2. Add the ending that matches the particular subject The following slide will show all the present tense endings…

P RESENT T ENSE (R EPASO ) Los pronombres: (subject pronouns) verbos de –ar (–ar verbs) verbos de –er (–er verbs) verbos de –ir (–ir verbs) yo tú usted él ella nosotros/nosotras vosotros/vosotras ustedes ellos/ellas –o –as –a –amos –a –áis –an –a –e –emos –éis –en –es –e –imos –ís –o

P RESENT TENSE (R EPASO ) Since the ending of the verb can tell the subject, the subjects for yo, tú, nosotros, & vosotros can be omitted because their verb endings ONLY match their subjects. These subjects or their subject pronouns can be added to emphasize or clarify who is being talked about. Ana y yo cantamos. (Ana & I sing) Cantamos. (We sing) -AR verbs-ER verbs-IR verbs yo-o tú-as-es Nosotros (as)-amos-emos-imos Vosotros(as)-áis-éis-ís

P RESENT TENSE (R EPASO ) The subjects usted, él, and ella share the same ending and the subjects ustedes and ellos share the same endings. As a result, the subject MUST be used to clarify! Cantan (They sing or you all sing) Ellos cantan. (They sing) Ana y usted cantan. (Ana and you sing) -AR verbs-ER verbs-IR verbs usted-a-e él-a-e ella-a-e ustedes-an-en ellos-an-en

P RESENT T ENSE (R EPASO ) T RABAJAR - TO WORK InglésEspañolInglésEspañol I workWe work You work You all work (Spain) You (ud.) workYou (uds.) work He worksThey work She works Trabajo Trabajas Usted trabaja Ella trabaja Él trabaja Trabajamos Trabajáis Ustedes trabajan Ellos trabajan Ellas trabajan

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO ( S TEM -C HANGING V ERBS ) There is a fairly large group of verbs in Spanish that undergo changes in their stem when conjugated in the present tense. These changes occur only in the first and second persons singular and third persons singular and plural. When a line is drawn around the forms that change, the resulting shape vaguely resembles a boot or high-top shoe; thus, these verbs are sometimes informally called “boot” or “shoe” verbs.

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO ( S TEM -C HANGING V ERBS ) Some verbs have vowel variations in their stems (the part of the verb before the –ar, –er, or –ir) and are called stem-changing verbs. You have already learned jugar where the u changes to ue, and the verbs querer, tener, and venir where the e changes to ie. Stem-changing verbs still use the regular –ar, – er, and –ir endings. The verbs forms for nosotros and vosotros do NOT stem-change.

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO (R EPASO ): JUGAR ( U  UE ) InglésEspañolInglésEspañol I playWe play You play You all play (Spain) You (ud.) playYou (uds.) play He playsThey play She plays juego juegas Usted juega Ella juega Él juega Jugamos Jugáis Ustedes juegan Ellos juegan Ellas juegan

C OMMON O  UE S TEM C HANGING V ERBS Dormir Almorzar Volver Llover To sleep To have lunch To return (to a place) To rain Use the word hasta after the verb dormir to say you sleep until a certain time. Los domingos dormimos hasta las once. On Sundays we sleep until 11.

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO D ORMIR ( O  UE ) TO SLEEP InglésEspañolInglésEspañol I sleepWe sleep You sleep You all sleep (Spain) You (ud.) sleepYou (uds.) sleep He sleepsThey sleep She sleeps Duermo Duermes Usted duerme Ella duerme Él duerme Dormimos Dormís Ustedes duermen Ellos duermen Ellas duermen

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO A LMORZAR ( O  UE ) TO HAVE LUNCH InglésEspañolInglésEspañol I have lunchWe have lunch You have lunch You all have lunch (Spain) You (ud.) have lunch You (uds.) have lunch He has lunchThey have lunch She has lunch Almuerzo Almuerzas Usted almuerza Ella almuerza Él almuerza Almorzamos Almorzáis Ustedes almuerzan Ellos almuerzan Ellas almuerzan

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO V OLVER ( O  UE ) TO RETURN InglésEspañolInglésEspañol I returnWe return You return You all return (Spain) You (ud.) returnYou (uds.) return He returnsThey return She returns Vuelvo Vuelves Usted vuelve Ella vuelve Él vuelve Volvemos Volvéis Ustedes vuelven Ellos vuelven Ellas vuelven

P RACTICAMOS : 1. ¿A qué hora _________ ustedes.? (volver) 2. Nosotros _________ muy tarde. (volver) 3. Pero en la primavera, ________ mucho. (llover) 4. ________mucho en Seattle. (llover) 5. Yo ________ a México. (volver) 6. Nosotros _____________ en el club todos los sábados. (almorzar) 7. Ellos y ellas _________ en el sofá. (dormir) 8. Nosotros no __________ bien anoche. (dormir) vuelven volvemos llueve Llueve vuelvo almorzamos duermen dormimos

Subjectsalmorza r volverdormirpoderjugar Tú y yo Él y ella Yo Ud. Tú Uds. Nosotros Verbos Rápidos Stem-changers You and your partner take turns timing each other to see who can conjugate each verb the fastest.

C OMMON E  IE S TEM C HANGING V ERBS Empezar Merendar Entender Querer Tener Venir To begin To have a snack To understand To want To have To come You can also use empezar a followed by an infinitive to say what you or other start to do. ¿A qué hora empiezan a trabajar tus padres? What time do your parents start to work? Empiezan a trabajar a las ocho de la mañana. They start to work at 8:00am.

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO (R EPASO ): Q UERER ( E  IE ) InglésEspañolInglésEspañol I wantWe want You want You all want (Spain) You (ud.) wantYou (uds.) want He wantsThey want She wants Quiero Quieres Usted quiere Ella quiere Él quiere Queremos Queréis Ustedes quieren Ellos quieren Ellas quieren

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO EMPEZAR ( E  IE ) TO BEGIN, TO START InglésEspañolInglésEspañol I startWe start You start You all start (Spain) You (ud.) startYou (uds.) start He startsThey start She starts Empiezo Empiezas Usted empieza Ella empieza Él empieza Empezamos Empezáis Ustedes empiezan Ellos empiezan Ellas empiezan

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO MER E NDAR ( E  IE ) TO HAVE A SNACK InglésEspañolInglésEspañol I have a snackWe have a snack You have a snack You all have a snack (Spain) You (ud.) have a snack You (uds.) have a snack He has a snack They have a snack She has a snack Meriendo Meriendas Usted merienda Ella merienda Él merienda Merendamos Merendáis Ustedes meriendan Ellos meriendan Ellas meriendan

L OS VERBOS DE CAMBIO ENT E NDER ( E  IE ) TO UNDERSTAND InglésEspañolInglésEspañol I understandWe understand You understand You all understand (Spain) You (ud.) understand You (uds.) understand He understandsThey understand She understands Entiendo Entiendes Usted entiende Ella entiende Él entiende Entendemos Entendéis Ustedes entienden Ellos entienden Ellas entienden

EXIT SLIP Conjugate the verbs almorzar (o;ue) to have lunch and mer e ndar (e;ie)-to have a snack. Be sure to write all forms separately and include the English meaning for each one!