The Hematoxylins and Eosin Luis E. Ferrer Torres, MD FCAP.

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The Hematoxylins and Eosin Luis E. Ferrer Torres, MD FCAP

Introduction Most widely used Heartwood (logwood) of the tree Haematoxylon campechianum West Indies Hematoxylin not a stains per se The oxidative product hematein is the active (staining) component

Deparafinación Hidratación Hematoxilina Agente azulador Deshidratación Clarificación Montaje

Hematoxylin Natural oxidation (longer shelf life) –Air and sun Chemical oxidation (shorter shelf life) –Sodium iodate –Mercuric oxide Anionic (negative charged), poor affinity for tissue Needs mordant to adhere to tissues

Hematoxylin Mordants (metal cation): –Aluminum –Iron –Tungsten –Lead

Hematoxylin Hematoxylin solutions are classified according to the mordant used: –Alum hematoxylins –Iron –Tungsten –Molybdenum –Lead –Without mordant

Alum hematoxylins Coles Delafields Ehrlichs Mayers (P+R) Harris (P+R) Carazzis (P+R+F) Gills (R)

Hematoxylin Dedifferentiation –Necessary for regressive staining –Acid alcohol 1% HCl (Mayers) 5-10% Acetic acid (Harris) Staining times –Depends in fixation, decalcification, type, age and pathologist

Hematoxylin Disadvantages: –Sensitivity to any subsequently applied acidic staining solutions, e.g. vanGieson, trichrome Use an iron hematoxylin like Weigerts (acid resistant) Use Celestine blue-alum hematoxylin procedure (makes alum hem more resistant to acid)

Eosin Best combination with hematoxylin Cytoplasm and stroma in different grades Xanthenes dye –Eosin Y, ethyl eosin, eosin B Add thymol to inhibit fungi Add acetic acid to increase sharpness Add Phloxine B for better details

Identificando Errores ObservaciónCausa Puntos sin teñirDeparafinación incompleta Poco detalle nuclear Fijación incompleta Exceso de calor durante procesamiento Se secaron las secciones durante el procesamiento Núcleo pálidoTiempo incompleto en hematoxilina Hematoxilina oxidada Sobre diferenciación (ácido) Núcleo sobre teñido Tiempo en exceso en hematoxilina Secciones gruesas Poca diferenciación Núcleos rojos o rojo-marrón Hematoxilina oxidada Poco tiempo en azulado

Identificando Errores ObservaciónCausa Citoplasma pálido pH eosina >5 (se esta arrastrando el agente azulador) Secciones demasiado finas Citoplasma Oscuro Concentración de la solución de eosina Tiempo en exceso Deshidratación disminuida Precipitado Azul- negro Hematoxilina no se filtró Laminillas opacas, blancas Al finalizar deparafinación: contaminado con xileno Antes de montar: contaminado con agua Orilla de la sección basofílicas Efecto de cauterio Sobre deshidratación

Deparafinación incompleta

Pobre fijación Poco detalle núclear

Núcleos pálidos

Núcleos oscuros

Núcleos rojo-marrón No se puso en el agente azulador o la formalina esta oxidada

Núcleos rojo-marron No se puso en el agente azulador o la formalina esta oxidada

Eosina pálida

Exceso eosina/Phloxine

Falta clarificación

No se filtro la hematoxilina Precipitado

Deshidratación Incompleta