Calentamiento Tell where you are from, your teacher’s nationality & where Shakira is from and what her nationality is. (three sentences) What do you think these mean? Cuarto Menos Media hora

Calentamiento Tell where you are from, your teacher’s nationality & where Shakira is from and what her nationality is. (three sentences) Soy norteamericana/o. Soy de los Estados Unidos Soy estadunidense Shakira es de Colombia Shakira es colombiana La Señorita Meinecke es de los Estados Unidos Mi profesora es norteamericana y alemana

How do you think you could tell the time with only these numbers? What’s different? Uno Uno Dos Dos Tres Tres Cuatro Cuatro Cinco Cinco Seis Seis Siete Siete Ocho Ocho Nueve Nueve Diez Diez Once Once Doce Doce Trece Trece Catorce Catorce Cuarto (Quince) Cuarto (Quince) Dieciseis Dieciseis Diecisiete Diecisiete Dieciocho Dieciocho Diecinueve Diecinueve Veinte Veinte Veintiuno Veintiuno Veintidos Veintidos Veintitres Veintitres Veinticuatro Veinticuatro Veinticinco Veinticinco Veintiseis Veintiseis Veintisiete Veintisiete Veintiocho Veintiocho Veintinueve Veintinueve Y Media (treinta) Y Media (treinta)

What do you think? If you could only use numbers from 1-30, how would you tell what time we get out of school (2:47) ? If you could only use numbers from 1-30, how would you tell what time we get out of school (2:47) ?

Vocabulario…. What do you think these mean? What do you think these mean? Cuarto__________________ Cuarto__________________ Menos_______________ Menos_______________ Media___________________ Media___________________ Hora ________________ Hora ________________ quarter minus half hour

When we ask what time it is in Spanish, we say “¿Qué hora es?” Some people also say “¿Qué horas son?” (But we’ll use “¿Qué hora es?” for class)

¿Qué hora es? If “la hora” means If “la hora” means The HOUR The HOUR Then Qué hora es? means Then Qué hora es? means What HOUR is it? What HOUR is it? Therefore, the focus in telling time in Spanish is Therefore, the focus in telling time in Spanish is the HOUR. the HOUR. You always tell the time according to the You always tell the time according to the NEAREST hour. NEAREST hour. What is the nearest hour to 3:10? What is the nearest hour to 3:10? 3 O’CLOCK 3 O’CLOCK What is the nearest hour to 3:48? What is the nearest hour to 3:48? 4 O’CLOCK 4 O’CLOCK

Es la una. ¿Qué hora es? The third-person singular of ser is used with one o’clock since it is just one hour (hora). The singular definite article is used for the same reason. All hours of the day are feminine in Spanish. (not on your notes sheet)

Son las dos ¿Qué hora es? The third-person plural of ser is used with all hours after one o’clock. Likewise, the plural definite article is used for all hours after one o’clock. (not on your notes sheet)

Son las The answer almost always begins with SON LAS……… The answer almost always begins with SON LAS……… For 3:00 we would answer: For 3:00 we would answer: Son las tres Son las tres 5:00 5:00 Son las cinco Son las cinco 10:00 10:00 Son las diez Son las diez “Son” is “Son” is PLURAL PLURAL

Son las tres (etc.) ¿Qué hora es? The formula for all hours after one is Son las + the hour. (not on your notes sheet)

Y (AND / +) First, identify the nearest Hour. If the closest hour is the current one—all the way to X:30 (5:10—5 o’clock), then we If the closest hour is the current one—all the way to X:30 (5:10—5 o’clock), then we ADD the minutes past the hour by using the word ADD the minutes past the hour by using the word Y. Y. Therefore, 6:20 would be: Therefore, 6:20 would be: Son las seis Y veinte Son las seis Y veinte 8:10 would be 8:10 would be SON LAS OCHO Y DIEZ SON LAS OCHO Y DIEZ

MENOS (MINUS) MENOS: If the closest hour is the next hour, THEN we must SUBTRACT the minutes until that hour by using the word MENOS MENOS Why? Because if we state the next hour, we need to subtract minutes to find our current time. Why? Because if we state the next hour, we need to subtract minutes to find our current time. 5:40 would actually be 5:40 would actually be Son las seis MENOS veinte. (6 minus 20 minutes) Son las seis MENOS veinte. (6 minus 20 minutes) Use this for X:31 and higher Use this for X:31 and higher

So, after 30 minutes, you must go up to the next hour and SUBTRACT the remaining minutes to that hour: 5:48 =>next hour is 6:005:48 =>next hour is 6:00 6:00 minus 12 minutes is 5:48!6:00 minus 12 minutes is 5:48!

8:55 would be would be son las son las nueve MENOS cinco. nueve MENOS cinco. 3:40 (write on the back of your paper) 3:40 (write on the back of your paper) Son las cuatro Son las cuatro MENOS veinte MENOS veinte 11:34 11:34 Son las doce Son las doce MENOS veintiséis MENOS veintiséis

Singular vs. Plural. The next thing is to determine whether the “hour” is singular or plural. The next thing is to determine whether the “hour” is singular or plural. Most times are plural, that is why we say SON LAS. Most times are plural, that is why we say SON LAS. But, there are three times that do not use “son las”. They are: But, there are three times that do not use “son las”. They are: 1:00 where we’d say 1:00 where we’d say ES la una ES la una Any time the nearest hour is 1:00, we say Es la _____ Any time the nearest hour is 1:00, we say Es la _____ una una

Es la una. ¿Qué hora es? The third-person singular of ser is used with one o’clock since it is just one hour (hora). The singular definite article is used for the same reason. All hours of the day are feminine in Spanish. (not on your notes sheet)

Midnight (12:00 AM) At 12:00 AM it is midnight. At 12:00 AM it is midnight. That is a singular word, so we’d say That is a singular word, so we’d say ES La Medianoche ES La Medianoche Media means mid (half) Media means mid (half) Noche (night) Noche (night) It must be ON THE DOT to use this phrase. It must be ON THE DOT to use this phrase. You can’t use it with 12:05 You can’t use it with 12:05

Twelve hours later it would be NOON or _____:_________ PM (circle). Twelve hours later it would be NOON or _____:_________ PM (circle). This time is expressed as ES EL MEDIODíA. This time is expressed as ES EL MEDIODíA. It must be ON THE DOT to use this phrase. It must be ON THE DOT to use this phrase. You can’t use it with 12:01 You can’t use it with 12:

Finally, we need recognize that two numbers are substituted by words X:15 How many quarters (1/4) in a whole? How many quarters (1/4) in a whole? A quarter of an hour is A quarter of an hour is 15 minutes, therefore, any time it is 15 minutes after the hour we say 15 minutes, therefore, any time it is 15 minutes after the hour we say Y cuarto. Y cuarto. 4:15: 4:15: son las cuatro y cuarto son las cuatro y cuarto

Son las tres y quince ¿Qué hora es? Son las tres y cuarto. or... Cuarto is a masculine noun that means a quarter (of an hour). (not on your notes sheet)

X:45 If it is 15 minutes until the next hour, (4:45) we say If it is 15 minutes until the next hour, (4:45) we say Menos cuarto. Menos cuarto. 4:45 4:45 Son las cinco menos cuarto Son las cinco menos cuarto 11:45 11:45 Son las DOCE MENOS CUARTO Son las DOCE MENOS CUARTO

X:30 30 minutes is a 30 minutes is a Half hour. Half hour. Half in Spanish is Half in Spanish is media, so we always say media, so we always say Y media (and a half)when the time is X:30 Y media (and a half)when the time is X:30 6:30: 6:30: son las seis Y MEDIA. son las seis Y MEDIA. 2:30 2:30 son las dos y media son las dos y media

¿Qué hora es? Son las cuatro y media. Medio is an adjective that means half. It is used in the feminine singular when telling time, since it modifies the unexpressed noun hora. (not on your notes sheet)

If it’s “on the dot” If it’s “on the dot” We say “En Punto” We say “En Punto” 6:00 6:00 Son las seis en punto Son las seis en punto 9:00 pm 9:00 pm Son las nueve en punto de la noche. Son las nueve en punto de la noche.

Son las siete en punto ¿Qué hora es? En punto literally means “on the dot,” and is used to stress that an exact hour is being expressed, with no minutes before or after. (not on your notes sheet)

AM AM is in the morning…so we say AM is in the morning…so we say De la mañana De la mañana “of the morning” (AM) “of the morning” (AM)

Son las tres de la mañana ¿Qué hora es? AM (not on your notes sheet)

Son las cinco y cuarto de la mañana ¿Qué hora es? AM (not on your notes sheet)

Son las seis de la mañana ¿Qué hora es? AM (not on your notes sheet)

Son las once y media de la mañana ¿Qué hora es? AM (not on your notes sheet)

P.M. Until dark, from noon to dark, it’s afternoon & we say (PM) Until dark, from noon to dark, it’s afternoon & we say (PM) De la tarde (think “Buenas tardes”) De la tarde (think “Buenas tardes”) Of the afternoon Of the afternoon 4:00 pm 4:00 pm son las cuatro de la tarde son las cuatro de la tarde After Dark, After Dark, De la noche (Buenas noches) De la noche (Buenas noches) Of the night Of the night 9:00 pm 9:00 pm son las nueve de la noche son las nueve de la noche

Expressing PM time ¿Qué hora es? Son las dos de la tarde Tarde is used for afternoon and evening hours. Notice that, again, we say “of the afternoon.” (not on your notes sheet)

Son las cuatro y veinte de la tarde ¿Qué hora es? PM (not on your notes sheet)

Son las seis de la tarde tarde = afternoon tarde = evening ¿Qué hora es? PM Again, tarde is used to express evening as well as afternoon hours. (not on your notes sheet)

Son las nueve de la noche ¿Qué hora es? PM Normally, after sundown we begin to say de la noche; however, this is somewhat variable, as it is in English. Some feel that 7:00 is a good dividing line. (not on your notes sheet)

Son las once menos quince (o cuarto) de la noche Son las diez y cuarenta y cinco de la noche. ¿Qué hora es? PM (not on your notes sheet)

Son las ocho y media de la noche ¿Qué hora es? PM (not on your notes sheet)

¿Qué hora es? AM (On the dot) Un poco de práctica Son las tres y media de la mañana Es la una y diez de la mañana Son las once en punto de la mañana

¿Qué hora es? PMPM Un poco de práctica Son las nueve y cuarto de la noche Son las cinco menos diez de la tarde Es (el) mediodía