P.171-173. In this slide show, we are going to look at a verb form that has all but disappeared from English – the subjunctive! In this slide show, we.

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In this slide show, we are going to look at a verb form that has all but disappeared from English – the subjunctive! In this slide show, we are going to look at a verb form that has all but disappeared from English – the subjunctive!

I want you to give me $5. I want you to give me $5. Tom would like us to arrive before 5:00 am. Tom would like us to arrive before 5:00 am. I order you to stop! I order you to stop! In these three examples, one person is trying to get another person to perform an action In these three examples, one person is trying to get another person to perform an action

One person (I) wants another person (you) to do something (give $5). One person (I) wants another person (you) to do something (give $5). However, there is no guarantee that you will give me $5 just because I want you to. However, there is no guarantee that you will give me $5 just because I want you to.

Likewise, one person (Tom) wants someone else (us) to do something (arrive before 5:00 am). Likewise, one person (Tom) wants someone else (us) to do something (arrive before 5:00 am). There is no guarantee that we will do so just because Tom would like that. There is no guarantee that we will do so just because Tom would like that.

This sentence is more forceful: one person (I) is telling another person (you) to do something (stop). This sentence is more forceful: one person (I) is telling another person (you) to do something (stop). Again, we don’t know if you will stop despite the admonition. Again, we don’t know if you will stop despite the admonition.

In Spanish, we use a special verb form to show that the completion of these actions – give, arrive, stop – may or may not occur. This form is called the subjunctive (like the word “subjective” – influenced by opinions). In Spanish, we use a special verb form to show that the completion of these actions – give, arrive, stop – may or may not occur. This form is called the subjunctive (like the word “subjective” – influenced by opinions).

I want you to give me $5>> I want you to give me $5>> Quiero que me des $5. Tom would like us to arrive before 5:00 am >> Tom would like us to arrive before 5:00 am >> Tom quiere que lleguemos antes de las 5:00. I order you to stop >> I order you to stop >> Te mando que pares.

des << dé des << dé lleguemos << llegue lleguemos << llegue pares << pare pares << pare These are very similar to the formal command forms we studied previously (including the irregulars, such as dar >> dé). These are very similar to the formal command forms we studied previously (including the irregulars, such as dar >> dé). They merely have added familiar endings, such as – mos for nosotros and –s for tú. They merely have added familiar endings, such as – mos for nosotros and –s for tú.

What about the other subjunctive forms? What about the other subjunctive forms? DéDemos Des DéDen LlegueLleguemos Llegues LlegueLleguen PareParemos Pares PareParen

… that the subject in the first half is always different from the subject in the second half: … that the subject in the first half is always different from the subject in the second half: – Quiero que me des $5. – Tom quiere que lleguemos... – Te mando que pares. The first subject is trying to spur the second subject into action, and we don’t know if the action will ever happen. The first subject is trying to spur the second subject into action, and we don’t know if the action will ever happen. QUE Separates the two subjects!!! QUE Separates the two subjects!!!

… to sentences where there is no change in subject: … to sentences where there is no change in subject: – Quiero salir ahora. – Tom quiere llegar a las 5. – Me gustaría comer pizza. When the subject is the same, there is higher probability that the second action will take place. We use the infinitive (-r form of the verb) after verbs that express wishes, wants, and desires. When the subject is the same, there is higher probability that the second action will take place. We use the infinitive (-r form of the verb) after verbs that express wishes, wants, and desires.

Just build the subjunctive from the command forms that you remember (if you don’t remember, go back and watch that slide show again!). Just build the subjunctive from the command forms that you remember (if you don’t remember, go back and watch that slide show again!).

What are the subjunctive forms of the following verbs? What are the subjunctive forms of the following verbs? hablar hablar hable, hables, hable, hablemos, hablen hable, hables, hable, hablemos, hablen comer comer coma, comas, coma, comamos, coman coma, comas, coma, comamos, coman vivir vivir viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, vivan viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, vivan

How about some trickier ones? How about some trickier ones? Salir Salir Salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgan Salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgan Remember to start with the yo form, salgo Remember to start with the yo form, salgo Ser Ser Sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean Sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean The yo forms that don’t end in –o are irregular in the command form and, consequently, the subjunctive. The yo forms that don’t end in –o are irregular in the command form and, consequently, the subjunctive. Comenzar Comenzar Comience, comiences, comience, comencemos, comiencen Comience, comiences, comience, comencemos, comiencen Remember that stem-changing verbs don’t change in the nosotros form! Remember that stem-changing verbs don’t change in the nosotros form! All the irregulars are on p. 108 of the other text and I will give you a copy if needed. All the irregulars are on p. 108 of the other text and I will give you a copy if needed.

Dormir Dormir Duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, duerman Duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, duerman Servir Servir Sirva, sirvas, sirva, sirvamos, sirvan Sirva, sirvas, sirva, sirvamos, sirvan Stem-changing IR verbs change in the nosotros form. Stem-changing IR verbs change in the nosotros form.

What are the appropriate subjunctive forms of the verbs in parentheses? What are the appropriate subjunctive forms of the verbs in parentheses? Quiero que tú _____ (venir) a las 3:00 en punto. Quiero que tú _____ (venir) a las 3:00 en punto. Quiero que tú vengas a las 3:00 en punto. Quiero que tú vengas a las 3:00 en punto. We use the subjunctive because there is a change in subject after a verb of desire (quiero). We use the subjunctive because there is a change in subject after a verb of desire (quiero).

¿Quieres que nosotros ______ (ir) al cine o a la playa esta tarde? ¿Quieres que nosotros ______ (ir) al cine o a la playa esta tarde? Pues, quiero que ______ (quedarse = stay) en casa porque hace frío. Pues, quiero que ______ (quedarse = stay) en casa porque hace frío. ¿Quieres que nosotros vayamos al cine o a la playa esta tarde? ¿Quieres que nosotros vayamos al cine o a la playa esta tarde? Pues, quiero que nos quedemos en casa porque hace frío. Pues, quiero que nos quedemos en casa porque hace frío.

Espero [I hope] que tu hermana ____ (hacer) bien en sus exámenes. Espero [I hope] que tu hermana ____ (hacer) bien en sus exámenes. Espero que tu hermana haga bien en sus exámenes. Espero que tu hermana haga bien en sus exámenes. – We use the subjunctive after different types of verbs – wishes, wants, and orders. Here is another type: hopes. – We use the subjunctive because we aren’t sure whether the second action will occur (Will your sister do well on her exams? That remains to be seen!).

Mi mamá quiere que yo ____ (ser) doctor, y mi papá espera que _____ (estudiar) para ser ingeniero, pero yo quiero ____ (ser) actor. Mi mamá quiere que yo ____ (ser) doctor, y mi papá espera que _____ (estudiar) para ser ingeniero, pero yo quiero ____ (ser) actor. Mi mamá quiere que yo sea doctor, y mi papá espera que estudie para ser ingeniero, pero yo quiero ser actor Mi mamá quiere que yo sea doctor, y mi papá espera que estudie para ser ingeniero, pero yo quiero ser actor – There is no change in subject in the third expression (“yo quiero”), so we don’t use the subjunctive!

Lo siento [I’m sorry] que tu abuela ____ (estar) enferma. Espero que ___ (mejorarse = to get better) pronto. Lo siento [I’m sorry] que tu abuela ____ (estar) enferma. Espero que ___ (mejorarse = to get better) pronto. Lo siento que tu abuela esté enferma. Espero que se mejore pronto. Lo siento que tu abuela esté enferma. Espero que se mejore pronto. – Another use of the subjunctive is with verbs of “regret,” such as saying “I’m sorry.” This is a little different from the other uses in that the second action has actually happened (i.e., your grandmother really is sick), but the subject in the first half is expressing an opinion and is therefore ‘influencing’ the second verb.

We started by looking at one basic use of the subjunctive: it is used with verbs that express desires and wants. We started by looking at one basic use of the subjunctive: it is used with verbs that express desires and wants. We then saw how the subjunctive is also used with verbs that express hope and regret. We then saw how the subjunctive is also used with verbs that express hope and regret. Are there any others? Are there any others?

There are many other uses of the subjunctive. The rest of the slide show will look at some of these. There are many other uses of the subjunctive. The rest of the slide show will look at some of these.

Here’s an acronym to help you organize the major uses of the subjunctive: Here’s an acronym to help you organize the major uses of the subjunctive: U. W. E. I. R. D. O. U. W. E. I. R. D. O. Thanks to members of the FLTEACH listserv for this acronym. Thanks to members of the FLTEACH listserv for this acronym. One list member credits the series “Sing, Dance, Laugh, and Eat Tacos” – you might want to check it out! One list member credits the series “Sing, Dance, Laugh, and Eat Tacos” – you might want to check it out!

No creo [I don’t believe] que Laura venga a la fiesta. No creo [I don’t believe] que Laura venga a la fiesta. No pienso que pueda venir. No pienso que pueda venir. Tal vez [perhaps] llegue tarde hoy por el tráfico. Tal vez [perhaps] llegue tarde hoy por el tráfico.

Quiero que tú puedas visitarme durante las vacaciones. Quiero que tú puedas visitarme durante las vacaciones.

Me alegro que hayas recibido una “A” en la clase de historia. Me alegro que hayas recibido una “A” en la clase de historia. Me enfada [it angers me] que Juan no trabaje más en este proyecto. Me enfada [it angers me] que Juan no trabaje más en este proyecto.

Es ridículo que Gloria sea la presidenta del club de alemán – ella recibió una “D-” en su clase el semestre pasado. Es ridículo que Gloria sea la presidenta del club de alemán – ella recibió una “D-” en su clase el semestre pasado. Impersonal expressions don’t have a “human” subject. Impersonal expressions don’t have a “human” subject. Some impersonal expressions in Spanish include: es bueno, es malo, es necesario, es difícil, es imposible, es triste… Some impersonal expressions in Spanish include: es bueno, es malo, es necesario, es difícil, es imposible, es triste…

Lo siento que tu abuela esté enferma. Lo siento que tu abuela esté enferma. Lamento que no podamos asistir a la reunión. Lamento que no podamos asistir a la reunión.

Dudo que alguien sea capaz de sacar un 100% en el examen final de física – ¡es un curso muy difícil! Dudo que alguien sea capaz de sacar un 100% en el examen final de física – ¡es un curso muy difícil!

Te mando que pares. Te mando que pares. Te prohibo que uses tus apuntes [notes] durante el examen. Te prohibo que uses tus apuntes [notes] durante el examen. – These are the commands: formal and indirect that we have been studying!!!

Well, let’s take a look!!! Well, let’s take a look!!!

Expresiones de Voluntad Expresiones de Voluntad – Después de verbos o expresiones de … Deseo (Desire) Voluntad (Will) Consejo (Counsel) Preferencia (Preference) Esperanza (W is for Wish) Permiso (Permission) Prohibición (no permission)

Expresiones de Emoción (E is for Emotion) Expresiones de Emoción (E is for Emotion) – Después de estos Ejemplos: Alegrarse de Alegrarse de Esperar Esperar Dar pena Dar pena Gustar Gustar Lamentar Lamentar Preocuparse Preocuparse Sentir Sentir Sorprenderse Tener miedo Temer Lástima que

Expresiones de Duda (D is for Doubt) Expresiones de Duda (D is for Doubt) – Después de las expresiones o verbos de duda, incertidumbre, o inseguridad – Ejemplos: Dudo que subjuntivo Dudo que subjuntivo No creo que subjuntivo No creo que subjuntivo – Después de una expresión de certidumbre, usa el indicativo No dudo que indicativo Creo que indicativo What is the difference? What is the difference?

Expresión Temporal Expresión Temporal – Si hay duda (D is for doubt) cuándo hay una expresión temporal, usa el subjuntivo – Ejemplos de expresiones temporales: Luego que Luego que Cuando Cuando En cuanto En cuanto Tan pronto como Tan pronto como Antes de que Antes de que Hasta que Hasta que Después de que Después de que EJ. Me quedaré aquí hasta que regresen. – Si no hay duda con la expresión temporal, usa el indicativo EJ. Me quedé aquí hasta que regresaron.

Con estos expresiones temporales, siempre usamos el subjuntivo. Con estos expresiones temporales, siempre usamos el subjuntivo. La lista de expresiones: La lista de expresiones: – Antes de que – A menos que – Para que – Con tal de que – Sin que – En caso de que – EJ. Nosotros saldremos antes de que ellos vuelvan. – EJ. Lo diré para que tú los sepas.

Si hay incertidumbre (D is for Doubt), usa el subjuntivo con estas expresiones temporales: Si hay incertidumbre (D is for Doubt), usa el subjuntivo con estas expresiones temporales: – Así que – Aunque – EJ. Aunque llueva, saldremos. No sabemos si va a llover. No sabemos si va a llover. Si hay certidumbre (no doubt), usa el indicativo con estas expresiones temporales: Si hay certidumbre (no doubt), usa el indicativo con estas expresiones temporales: – Así que – Aunque – EJ. Aunque llueve, saldremos. Está lloviendo ahora.

Si la clausula relativa indica una persona indefinido (U is for Uncertainty), usa el subjuntivo: Si la clausula relativa indica una persona indefinido (U is for Uncertainty), usa el subjuntivo: – EJ. Busco una secretaria que sepa español. No tenemos idea de quién. No tenemos idea de quién. Si la clausula relativa indica una persona definido (certainty), usa el indicativo. Si la clausula relativa indica una persona definido (certainty), usa el indicativo. – EJ. Conozco a una secretaria que sabe español. Tenemos idea de quién.

I is for Impersonal Expressions I is for Impersonal Expressions Que indican Que indican – duda, – necesitad, – probabilidad, – voluntad, – u opinión. Ejemplos: Ejemplos: – Es dudoso que – Es preciso que – Es probable que – Es importante que – Es posible que – Es mejor que – Urge que – No es cierto que

On the other hand …. On the other hand …. Impersonal expressions that declare truth, certainty (no doubt or opinion), obviousness, clarity, or something that is evident, use indicative. Impersonal expressions that declare truth, certainty (no doubt or opinion), obviousness, clarity, or something that is evident, use indicative. Ejemplos: Ejemplos: – Es verdad que – Es cierto que – Es obvio que – Es claro que – Es evidente que