Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University TROPICAL GLACIERS Georg Kaser Institut für Geographie Universität Innsbruck

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Tropical glaciers 1. Radiation geometry: sun in zenith 2(1) times annualy Kaser, Hastenrath and Ames, ZGG (1996) 3. ITCZ: hygric seasonality with 2(1) wet / dry seasons 2. ΔT a ≤ ΔT d : thermally homogenous in space and time

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Annual variation of air temperature (monthly means) against geographical latitude stations > 3000 m a.s.l. O = Querococha Kaser & Osmaston (2002)

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Total area:< km 2 Thickness: ~ 25 m Kaser and Osmaston (2002) Estimated volume: 50 to m 3 SLE: 0.11 to 0.13 mm Tropical Glaciers Km 2 % Rwenzori Mt. Kenya Kilimanjaro Afrika < Irian Jaya Colombia Venezuela Equador Peru 1, Bolivia S America2, Total2, Cordillera Blanca, Peru LIA: 875 ± 25 km s: 825 ± 25 km : 670 ± 10 km : 620 ± 10 km 2 Today:< 600 km 2 LIA to today: - 30% Georges, AAAR (2004) SLR: ~ 0.04 mm

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Tropical glacier area changes (100% = appr. around 1900)

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Hadley cell and ITCZ along the tropical Andes wet season dry season

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University PrecipitationRunoff

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Glaciar Artesonraju, April 04 – March 05 Wagnon et al. GPCh (1998) WET DRY Glaciar Zongo

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Seasonality and Runoff Kaser et al., JH (2003)

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University ITGG - model Ablation (T a,P,F) T a air temperature P precipitation F Q L /Q L + Q M Kaser, JGlac (2001) Parameterisation of moisture impact on energy fluxes determined via an internal calibration procedure LW in, F, SW in, albedo: as functions of P

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Runoff from Llanganuco catchment (34 % glaciated) - Projections Juen et a., G&PCh, 2005

Glacier mass balance from hydrological balance mean over 5 basins Pachacoto (9.7% glac.) Quillcay (17.4%) Chancos (24.1%) Llanganuco (33.5%) Parón (40.9%) length variations: Yanamarey Uruashraju Broggi Kaser et al., J.Hydr. (2003) Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Cordillera Blanca - cummulative mass balance hydrological model ITGG model + NCEP/NCAR-RA

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Precipitation - mean of 5 stations in Cordillera Blanca W E T D R Y

Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University