Civilización Mundial Lic. Sofía Pacherres N., MSc.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Civilización Mundial Lic. Sofía Pacherres N., MSc

➢ Conocer el nacimiento del homosapiens

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE EDIT IN POWERPOINT® Click on the button under the presentation preview that says "Download as PowerPoint template". You will get a.pptx file that you can edit in PowerPoint. Remember to download and install the fonts used in this presentation (you’ll find the links to the font files needed in the Presentation design slide)Presentation design slide EDIT IN GOOGLE SLIDES Click on the button under the presentation preview that says "Use as Google Slides Theme". You will get a copy of this document on your Google Drive and will be able to edit, add or delete slides. You have to be signed in to your Google account. More info on how to use this template at This template is free to use under Creative Commons Attribution license. You can keep the Credits slide or mention SlidesCarnival and other resources used in a slide footer.Creative Commons Attribution license 3 3 El Nacimiento del HOMO SAPIENS

Australopithecus ➢ Habitaron en África desde hace algo más de 3,9 millones de años hasta hace unos 2 millones de años, 4 4

Australopithecus 5 5 ➢ El término significa simio meridional como referencia a Suráfrica, donde se encontraron los primeros fósiles. ➢ Se caracterizan por dientes caninos, bipedación ➢ Se consideran los homínidos más primitivos.

Diferentes especies : ➢ Australopithecus anamensis: son homínidos muy primitivos, que presentan molares más anchos Ocupó la zona de Kenia entre 4,2 y 3,9 M.a. (millones de años). ➢ Australopithecus afarensis. Su capacidad para transmitir sonidos no sería muy superior a los actuales chimpancés. Situado entre 3,9 y 2,7 M.a. 6 6

➢ Australopithecus bahrelghazali: único encontrado fuera de África oriental. Recibe su nombre del oasis de Bahr-el-Ghazal, en Chad. Situado entre 4 y 3 M.a. ➢ Australopithecus deyiremeda: dientes pequeños, huesos de la mejilla en posición más adelantada.Situado entre 3,3 y 3,4 M.a.5 ​ 7 7 Diferentes especies :

➢ Australopithecus africanus: cráneo más globular, con mayor capacidad cerebral. Situado entre 3 y 2,5 M.a. ➢ Australopithecus garhi: tiene especiales características craneales y, sobre todo, faciales. Capacidad craneal de unos 450 cm³ Situado hace 2,5 M.a. 8 8 Diferentes especies :

➢ Australopithecus sediba: una mezcla de características lo acercan tanto a Homo como a Australopithecus y algunos paleontólogos lo ubican como el antepasado directo más factible de los humanos. Tiene solo 2 millones de años, por tanto es el Australopithecus más reciente. ​ 9 9 Diferentes especies :

Homo habilis ➢ Hombre hábil ➢ El descubrimiento de esta especie se da gracias a los fósiles en Tanzania, África, 10

Homo habilis ➢ Importante incremento en el tamaño cerebral con respecto a Australopithecus, ➢ Cráneo más redondeado. ➢ Molares grandes y con esmalte grueso. ➢ Ausencia de diastema. (espacio entre los dientes) 11

➢ Incisivos más grandes que los australopitecinos. ➢ Cara corta. ➢ Dedos curvos de pies y manos: lo que indicaba que aún utilizaban los árboles. ➢ La posición bípeda en las hembras provoca una reducción de la pelvis que tiene como consecuencia un adelanto de los partos 12 Homo habilis

HOMO ERECTUS ➢ Vivió entre 2 millones de años y años antes del presente 13

HOMO ERECTUS ➢ Se trata del antecedente homínido que se diseminó más en todo el planeta. ➢ El homo erectus se distinguió por caminar erguido, aspecto que le permitió ver tramos largos y mejoró su capacidad de cazar. 14

Homo Neanderthalensis ➢ Habitó en Europa, Próximo Oriente, Oriente Medio y Asia Central 15

HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS ➢ Los neandertales fueron una especie bien adaptada al frío extremo congruente con la cuarta y última glaciación. Cuerpos anchos y cortos ➢ Podían hablar, con lo cual se comunicaban entre ellos; tenían un lenguaje similar al moderno, aunque en algunos aspectos se asemejaba al de los simios. 16

➢ Su peso rondaba los kilos; ➢ Dominaban el uso del fuego. ➢ Eran cazadores móviles, se alimentaban desde mariscos y pescado hasta grandes mamíferos como bóvidos, rinocerontes lanudos, renos e incluso mamuts. 17 HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS

HOMO SAPIENS ➢ Hombre sabio ➢ Los restos más antiguos de Homo sapiens se encuentran en Marruecos, con años. 18

HOMO SAPIENS ➢ Comienza a dar signos de conocimientos bien diferenciados que le permiten evolucionar de forma más rápida. ➢ Este hecho les permitió seguir expandiéndose en el mundo y evolucionando ➢ Presenta una frente más alta ya que carecían de arco supraorbital, la mandíbula corta, los dientes pequeños y la barbilla pronunciada, 19

➢ Poseía ya una gran capacidad para la asociación de ideas y para el habla ➢ Manos y pies con cinco dedos. ➢ Clavículas presentes. ➢ Uñas planas en lugar de garras. ➢ Visión a color. 20 HOMO SAPIENS

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