USE OF SUBJUNCTIVE & INDICATIVE IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

It usually answers the how? when? where? or why? An adverb is a word that indicates the manner, time, place, extent, purpose, or condition of a verbal action. It usually answers the how? when? where? or why? Vamos al cine después. Let’s go to the movies (when?) afterward.

A clause that describes a verbal action is called an adverbial clause. It is joined to the main clause by an adverbial conjunction. Vamos al cine después de que ellos cenen. Let’s go to the movies (when?) after they have dinner.

Adverbial Clauses: Time cuando when después (de) que after en cuanto as soon as hasta que until mientras (que) while, as long as tan pronto como as soon as antes de que before

Future, anticipated outcomes versus present, habitual actions. When the actions of the main and subordinate clauses have not yet occurred (that is, they represent a future action and an anticipated outcome), the subordinate clause introduced by these adverbial conjunctions uses the subjunctive. When the action of the subordinate clause is habitual, the indiciative is used. Compare the sentences on the next page.

Future, anticipated: Subjunctive Present, habitual: Indicative Te van a dar más crédito después de que pagues el balance de la cuenta. They will give you more credit after you pay off the balance of the account. (anticipated) Piensan cobrar el cheque tan pronto como se lo demos. They’re planning to cash the check as soon as we give it to them. (anticipated) Siempre te dan más crédito después de que pagas el balance de la cuenta. - They always give you more credit after you pay off the balance of the account. (habitual) Todas las semanas, covran el cheque tan pronto como se lo damos. -Every week, they cash the check as soon as we give it to them. (habitual)

Future, anticipated: Subjunctive Present, habitual: Indicative - Compraré acciones cuando bajen de precio. I will buy stocks when the prices go down. (anticipated outcome) Haga cola hasta que llegue el cajero. Wait in line until the teller arrives. (anticipated outcome) Siempre compro acciones cuando bajan de precio. -I always buy stocks when the prices go don. (habitual) Cada mañana, los clientes hacen cola hasta que llega el cajero. (habitual action)

Past, anticipated, unknown: Subjunctive Present, known or past, habitual: Indicative - Iban a hacer un viaje alrededor del mundo después de que ella terminara el proyecto. They were going to make a trip around the world after she finished the project. (anticipated outcome) Siempre hacíamos un viaje alrededor del mundo después de que ella terminaba un proyecto. (habitual)

Adverbial clauses: Manner and place The subjunctive is used with the following conjunctions to express speculation about an action or situation that is unknown to the speaker. The indicative is used to expressed what is known or has been experienced by the speaker.

Adverbial clauses: Manner and place Aunque —although, even if Como— as, how De manera que— in such a way that De modo que —in such a way that Donde- where

Unknown situation: Subjunctive Known situation: Indicative Voy a ir al partido aunque llueva. (Meaning of aunque= even if). (unknown situation) El Padre Clemo enseña de manera que todos podamos comprender los conceptos. (unknown outcome/intention indicated) Voy a ir al partido aunque llueve. (known situation---I just looked out the window and it is raining) -El Padre Clemo enseña de manera que todos podemos comprender los conceptos.(known outcome/intention indicated)

Mucho Ojo!!!! Mientras Aunque De modo que/de manera que Donde ¿Sabes por qué? ¿Quién determina el significado?

Interdependence Main clause and subordinate clause are interdependent (an event will not occur unless the other does too; or one event happens with a particular purpose) Unlike previous clauses, these always use the subjunctive when there’s a change of subject. If there’s no change of subject, the “que” is generally dropped, and the infinitive is used.

Adverbial Conjunctions that express purpose or condition Meaning A condición de que A fin de que A menos que Con tal (de) que En caso (de) que Para que Sin que Provided that So that Unless In case that Without

Ejemplos Te presto dinero a condición de que me lo devuelvas Estudio a fin de sacar buenas notas. Te doy regalos a fin de que me quieras. Para ser feliz, se necesita amar a otros. Te doy mi tiempo y atención para que seas feliz.