UNIDAD I PRESENTE PERFECTO MATERIAL DE ESTUDIO Y REVISIÓN Prof. Jendry E. Barrios O. LAR-2014-I INGLÉS II GM-0311 / II-0431

ESTRUCTURA Sujeto Have / Has Participio Pasado Complemento Suj. Have / worked here before You He has She It We They CONTRACCIONES Have ’ve Has ’s

USO Experiencias (Ej: He estado en Francia, hemos visitado la Torre Eiffel tres veces, creo que he visto esa película) Cambios a través del tiempo (Ej: Has crecido mucho desde la ultima vez que te vi, mi inglés ha mejorado mucho desde que me mudé a Autralia) Logros (Ej: El hombre ha caminado en la luna, mi hijo ha aprendido a leer, los científicos han divido el átomo) Acciones incompletas que están a nuestra expectativa (Ej: Juan no ha terminado su tarea todavía, hasta ahora he tenido cuatro exámenes y dos exposiciones este corte) Múltiples acciones en diferentes momentos del pasado (Ej: Los militares han atacado la ciudad cinco veces, ha consultado a varios especialistas pero nadie sabe aún por qué esta enferma)

EJEMPLOS Experiencias Cambios a través del tiempo Logros I have been to France and Italy. She has visited London three times. Experiencias You have grown a lot since the last time I saw you. The government has become more interested in arts education. Cambios a través del tiempo My son has learned to read. Scientists have split the atom. Logros Bill has still not arrived. James has not finished his homework yet. Acciones incompletas a nuestra expectativa The army has attacked that city five times. I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester. Múltiples acciones en diferentes momentos del pasado

NEGACIÓN Sujeto Have / Has + Not Participio Pasado Complemento Suj. Pdo. Comp. I have not worked here before You He has She It We They CONTRACCIONES Have + Not Haven’t Has + Not Hasn’t

EJEMPLOS I have not been here before. I haven’t been here before. I have been here before. He has not traveled a lot. He hasn’t traveled a lot. He has traveled a lot. They have not seen that movie. They haven’t seen that movie. They have seen that movie.

INTERROGACIÓN CERRADA Have / Has Sujeto Participio Pasado Complemento Have Has Suj. Part. Pdo. Comp. I been here before? you he she it we they

EJEMPLOS It has rained a lot this week. Has it rained a lot this week? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. They have lived here for 5 years. Have they lived here for 5 years? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. You have finished your homework. Have you finished your homework? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. She has been to Miami 3 times. Has she been to Miami 3 times? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.

INTERROGACIÓN ABIERTA Palabra Interr. Have / Has Suj. Part. Pdo. Comp. Where have I been in Europe? you has he she it we they Palabra interrogativa Have / Has Sujeto Participio Pasado Complemento PALABRAS INTERROGATIVAS What Which When Who Where How Why How long

EJEMPLOS Rita has lived in Texas for 5 years. How long has Rita lived in Texas? Peter is sleeping in his bedroom. Where is Peter sleeping? They are going to Merida tomorrow. When are they going to Merida? John is taking a nap. Who is taking a nap?

ALREADY / YET / BEFORE / EVER ALREADY puede colocarse entre HAVE/HAS y el participio pasado, o al final de la oración. ALREADY Oraciones afirmativas I have already finished my homework. I have finished my homework already. YET Oraciones negativas e interrogativas I haven’t yet finished my homework. I haven’t finished my homework yet. BEFORE Oraciones de todo tipo I have been here before. I haven’t been here before. Have you been here before? EVER Oraciones interrogativas Have you ever seen a ghost? Has she ever been to Mexico? YET puede colocarse entre HAVE/HAS y el participio pasado, o al final de la oración. BEFORE sólo puede colocarse al final de la oración. EVER sólo puede colocarse entre el sujeto y el participio pasado.

EJERCICIOS DE CONSOLIDACIÓN OJO: Mantén presionada la tecla CTRL y haz click en el enlace para dirigirte a la página web correspondiente. Unidad I completa (Descargar del Blog) Presente Perfecto I. (Aquí) Presente Perfecto II. (Aquí) Presente Perfecto III. (Aquí) Presente Perfecto IV. (Aquí) Presente Perfecto / Pasado Simple I. (Aquí) Presente Perfecto / Pasado Simple II. (Aquí) Presente Perfecto / Pasado Simple III. (Aquí)

PASADO SIMPLE VERBO TO BE

ESTRUCTURA Sujeto To Be Complemento I was sick yesterday You were He She It We They Sujeto Verbo TO BE en pasado Complemento OJO: El verbo TO BE en pasado lo debes traducir como ‘era’ o ‘estaba’. Ejemplo: I was sick yesterday / Yo estaba enfermo ayer.

USO Estados pasados (Estaba cansado, eran niños)

EJEMPLOS John was sick yesterday. We were tired after the game. I was born in Ciudad Ojeda. The students were on strike for their rights. Carlos was busy this morning. It was hot and sunny last Saturday.

NEGACIÓN Sujeto To Be NOT Complemento I was not sick yesterday You were He She It We They Sujeto Verbo TO BE en pasado + NOT Complemento CONTRACCIONES Was + Not Wasn’t Were + Not Weren’t

EJEMPLOS Amanda was in Maracaibo yesterday. Amanda was not in Maracaibo yesterday. Amanda wasn’t in Maracaibo yesterday. They were busy. They were not busy. They weren’t busy. It was cloudy last Saturday. It was not cloudy last Saturday. It wasn’t cloudy last Saturday.

INTERROGACIÓN CERRADA Verbo TO BE pasado Sujeto Complemento To Be Sujeto Complemento Was I sick yesterday? Were you he she it we they

EJEMPLOS Amanda was in Maracaibo yesterday. Was Amanda in Maracaibo yesterday? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t. They were busy. Were they busy? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. It was cloudy last Saturday. Was it cloudy last Saturday? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.

INTERROGACIÓN ABIERTA Palabra Interrogativa To Be Sujeto Complem. Where was I yesterday? were you he she it we they Palabra interrogativa Verbo TO BE en pasado Sujeto Complemento PALABRAS INTERROGATIVAS What Which When Who Where How Why

EJEMPLOS Rita is in Cabimas yesterday. Where was Rita yesterday? Peter was sad last Sunday. How was Peter last Sunday? He was born in 1999. When was he born? John was in the kitchen. Who was in the kitchen?

EJERCICIOS DE CONSOLIDACIÓN I OJO: Mantén presionada la tecla CTRL y haz click en el enlace para dirigirte a la página web correspondiente. Unidad II, Pág. 92, 93 y 65. (Descargar del Blog) Cliquea la opción correcta. (Aquí) Escribe was o were para completar las oraciones. (Aquí) Elige la forma correcta del verbo to be en pasado. (Aquí) Cliquea la forma correcta del verbo to be en pasado. (Aquí) Completa con was, was not, were o were not. (Aquí) Completa con was o were y cliquea la opción correcta. (Aquí) Sigue las instrucciones. (Aquí)

PASADO SIMPLE Verbos Regulares e Irregulares

ESTRUCTURA Sujeto Verbo Pasado Complemento I worked yesterday You He She It We They Sujeto Verbo en pasado Complemento OJO: Los verbos regulares se caracterizan por formar su pasado añadiendo -ed/-d a la forma base. Ejemplo: Work – Worked.

USO Acciones y eventos pasados (terminados). Normalmente se requiere una expresión de tiempo que indique cuándo ocurrió la acción. Ejemplo: ayer, la semana pasada, el mes pasado, hace dos horas, esta mañana, hace dos meses, etc.

VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES Los verbos regulares se caracterizan por formar su pasado añadiendo -ed/-d a la forma base. Los verbos irregulares forman su pasado sin seguir ninguna regla. Hay que aprenderlos de memoria.

EJEMPLOS I played soccer yesterday. Jonathan saw a good movie last night. Miranda went to Miami last month. The students learned about the simple past a few minutes ago. Carlos studied for his biology test last week. Carmen came to the party last Saturday. I flew to Texas last weekend. He bought a digital camera yesterday. There was a huge strike downtown last week.

NEGACIÓN Sujeto Did + Not Forma Base Complemento I did not (didn’t) work yesterday You He She It We They Sujeto DID + NOT (Didn’t) Forma base del verbo Complemento CONTRACCIONES Did + Not Didn’t

EJEMPLOS Amanda went to Maracaibo yesterday. Amanda did not go to Maracaibo yesterday. Amanda didn’t go to Maracaibo yesterday. They played soccer last week. They did not play soccer last week. They didn’t play soccer last week. Jonathan saw a good movie last Saturday. Jonathan did not see a good movie last Saturday. Jonathan didn’t see a good movie last Saturday.

INTERROGACIÓN CERRADA Did Sujeto Forma base del verbo Complemento Did Sujeto Forma Base Complemento I work yesterday? you he she it we they

EJEMPLOS Amanda went to Maracaibo yesterday. Did Amanda go to Maracaibo yesterday? Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. They played soccer last week. Did they play soccer last week? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t. Jonathan saw a good movie last Saturday. Did Jonathan see a good movie last Saturday? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.

INTERROGACIÓN ABIERTA Palabra Interrogativa Did Sujeto Forma Base Complem. Where did I work yesterday? you he she it we they Palabra interrogativa Did Sujeto Forma base del verbo Complemento PALABRAS INTERROGATIVAS What Which When Who Where How Why

EJEMPLOS Rita went to Cabimas yesterday. Where did Rita go yesterday? Peter played soccer last Sunday. When did Peter play soccer? He came to Venezuela in 1999. When did he come to Venezuela? John grew up in Las Vegas. Who grew up in Las Vegas? * * Cuando se formula la pregunta con WHO acerca del sujeto, no se utiliza el auxiliar DID y el verbo se deja en pasado.

EJERCICIOS DE CONSOLIDACIÓN II OJO: Mantén presionada la tecla CTRL y haz click en el enlace para dirigirte a la página web correspondiente. Unidad II Completa. (Descargar del Blog) Escribe los verbos y las oraciones en pasado simple. (Aquí) Completa las oraciones con el pasado simple de los verbos en paréntesis. (Aquí) Escribe el pasado de los verbos. (Aquí) Cambia las oraciones a la forma negativa. (Aquí) Completa con el pasado simple de los verbos. (Aquí) Mira el vídeo y completa las oraciones. (Aquí) Sigue las instrucciones. (Aquí)