Primera Parte 1) The Americas as a geo-social construct were born in the long sixteenth century. The creation of this geo-social entity, the Americas,

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Primera Parte

1) The Americas as a geo-social construct were born in the long sixteenth century. The creation of this geo-social entity, the Americas, was the constitutive act of the modern world-system; 2) The Americas were not incorporated into an already existing capitalist world-economy. There could not have been a capitalism world-economy without the Americas. (Anibal Quijano y Immanuel Wallerstein 1992)

四方 (sìfāng) are the four directions. It also means a shape with four right angles, i.e. a square or a rectangle. 四方 (sìfāng) and 八方 (bāfāng eight directions) are often used to refer to all sides or all directions

Segunda Parte

Tercera Parte

Resúmen y Conclusión

El horizonte colonial (actual) de la modernidad Procesos de Occidentalización del mundo ( ) Procesos de Desoccidentalización del mundo (2000--) (Procesos de Re- Occidentalización del mundo (2008– ) Procesos de Decolonización ( ) y Procesos de Decolonialidad (1990--) Politización de la sociedad civil Emergencia de la sociedad política global Segundo Estado y Segunda Economía --Califato Islámico (ISIS) -- Carteles (legados legales de la Guerra del Opio)