DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES Los Artículos Definidos y Indefinidos

Definite and indefinite articles What is an article in English?  Words that identify and accompany a noun (el sustantivo) that are not descriptive in nature  In English there are four articles:  A, an, the, some In Spanish, there are eight articles in order to identify nouns as either singular or plural, masculine or feminine.

Definite and indefinite articles As in English, in Spanish there are both definite and indefinite articles.  Definite articles refer to a specific person, place or thing and is translated in English as “the.”

Definite and indefinite articles Whereas there is only one definite article in English, there are four definite articles in Spanish Must match the quantity (either singular or plural) and the gender (el género)

Definite and indefinite articles There are three indefinite articles in English  A, An, Some In Spanish there are four and the same rules of definite articles apply to matching both gender and quantity

Definite and indefinite articles

El Género de los Sustantivos  We now know that in Spanish, all nouns are assigned a gender (masculino o femenino). These are obvious with people and animals–  ie– El hombre = The Man = Masculine  La mujer = The Woman = Femenine

El Género de los Sustantivos Less obvious, however, are inanimate objects.  For example: Why is a desk (el escritorio) considered masculine and a door (la puerta) considered feminine? There are some clues to tell us what gender (género) objects are.

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) 1. Los sustantivos femeninos (feminine nouns)  Words ending in “a” La Mochila

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) 1. Los sustantivos femeninos  Words ending in ción, tad, dad  Words ending in ción in Spanish are often taken from words ending in “tion” in English Ej– the nation  la nación  Words ending in “tad” and “dad” in Spanish are often taken from words ending in “ty” in English Ej– the liberty  la libertad

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) La Libertad La NaciónLa universidad

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) 1. Los sustantivos masculinos (masculine nouns)  Nouns ending in “o” El Escritorio

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) 1. Los sustantivos masculinos  Nouns ending in “ma” are also often masculine El problema

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) 1. Nouns referring to people  Often make nouns masculine or feminine by changing the last vowel El amigo  La amiga

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) 1. Nouns referring to people  Or by adding “a” to the end of a word with a consonant to make the word femenine El doctor  La doctora

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) 1. Nouns referring to people  Often nouns ending in “e” or “ista” maintain the same form for both genders, but the article must be changed El estudiante  La estudiante

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) 1. Nouns referring to people  Often nouns ending in “e” or “ista” maintain the same form for both genders, but the article must be changed El futbolista  La Futbolista

El género de los sustantivos (nouns) 1. Many nouns simply must be memorized. El lápiz El Papel La flor

___ mujer mujerLa

___ hombre HombreEl

____ calculadora CalculadoraLa

___ bolígrafo BolígrafoEl

___ silla SillaLa

___ ecuación EcuaciónLa

___ artista artista El

Los Sustantivos Plurales Makin nouns plural in Spanish  Nouns ending in a vowel  Just add “s” Ej.–El Cuaderno  Los Cuadernos - La pluma  Las plumas

Los Sustantivos Plurales Making nouns plural in Spanish  Nouns ending in a consonant  Just add “es” Ej.–El Reloj  Los relojes - El papel  Los papeles

Los Sustantivos Plurales Makin nouns plural in Spanish  Nouns ending in a “z”  Drop the “z” and add “ces” Ej.–El lápiz  Los lápices

¡Practiquemos! El hombre Los hombres

¡Practiquemos! La calculadora Las calculadoras

¡Practiquemos! Un bolígrafo Unos bolígrafos

¡Practiquemos! Una Silla Unas Sillas

Un lápiz Unos lápices

In an area in your notes, identify the following foods you see in the picture using an indefinite article in front of the food. Ej.—Pizza Una pizza 1.Hamburguesa 2.Papas fritas 3.Refresco 4.Chocolates 5.Botella de ketchup

Los Adjetivos Adjectives (Los adjetivos) ending in “o”  Have four forms  Masculino  Femenino  Singular  Plural Por Ejemplo: The Adjective “Alto”

Los Adjetivos Adjectives (Los adjetivos) ending in “e” or most consonants ending in a vowel  Have two forms Por Ejemplo: The Adjective “amable”

Los Adjetivos Many adjectives ending in “dor” are exceptions  Have four forms Por Ejemplo: The Adjective “hablador”

Los Adjetivos Adjectives ending in “z” follow same rule as nouns ending in “z” when making them plural  Drop the “z” and add “ces” Por Ejemplo: The Adjective “feliz”

An artistic person Una persona Una persona artística

The hardworking girl La chica La chica trabajadora

The old desks Los escritorios Los escritorios viejos

Some brunette women Unas mujeres Unas mujeres castañas

The small cats Los gatos Los gatos pequeños

The large class La clase La clase grande

The young students Los estudiantes Los estudiantes jóvenes

A Beautiful Day Un día Un día bonito

The happy pencils Los lápices Los lápices felices