© Pucci, S Basis of the low emission development in Costa Rica Andrei Bourrouet, Viceminister of Environmental Management and Energy Sept, 2010

Context Although adaptation is a priority in our region CR committed to ambitious reductions from ALL countries, according to capabilities and enabling factors: –Goal of being carbon neutral by 2021 –Remain in low emission development pathway thereafter Green development Low emission dev. Climate resilience Carbonneutrality NAMAs NAPA like inst.

Comprehensive mitigation processes are still in initial phase So far: -Sustained political will involving different levels and sectors -Pathway established: abatement curves estimated Under development: - Carbon neutrality standard (recognized internationally) -REDD+ national plan -Costa Rican green bond, WB -Private sector engagement Pending: -Defining MRV for all sectors -Ensuring prevention double accounting -Define use of forest carbon credits natl. vs. intl. markets

Trend in emissions due to demand fossil fuel Fuente: elaboración propia con datos del U.S. Energy Information Administration

Mitigation measurements ( ) Fuente: elaboración con datos y propuestas de la DSE, ICE, Prugam, MOPT, MINAET, y estimaciones propias MedidaMitigaci ó n tCO 2 eMitigaci ó n Acumulada tCO 2 eMitigaci ó n por A ñ o tCO2e Vivienda Popular299,403 14,970.2 Educación Residencial230,861530,26411,543.0 Luminarias Eficientes (Industrial)80,075610,3394,003.7 Eficiencia Energética Industria330,752941,09116,537.6 Luminarias Eficientes (Residencial)15,581956, Descongestionamiento Vial3,685,3424,642,014184,267.1 PRUGAM (Infraestructura)867,1115,509,12543,355.6 Agilización de Trámites (e-Trámites)917,6666,426,79145,883.3 Cambio Residencias2,182,5748,609,365109,128.7 Motores Eficientes15,8268,625, Transporte Público3,685,34212,310,534184,267.1 Jornada Laboral 4-días401,67012,712,20420,083.5 Autos Compartidos10,429,92023,142,124521,496.0 Conducción Eficiente226,24923,368,37311,312.5 Autos Eléctricos9,081,85232,450,225454,092.6 Rellenos Sanitarios14,126,20646,576,431706,310.3

Mitigation measurements ( ) Fuente: elaboración con datos y propuestas de la DSE, ICE, Prugam, MOPT, MINAET, y estimaciones propias MedidaMitigaci ó n tCO 2 eMitigaci ó n Acumulada tCO 2 eMitigaci ó n por A ñ o tCO2e Restricci ó n Vehicular3,025,63149,602,061151,281.5 Ciclov í as4,383,26353,985,324219,163.1 Autos H í bridos7,921,68861,907,012396,084.4 Aire Acondicionado4,85561,911, Autos Flex Fuel452,77262,364,63922,638.6 Plan ICE Fuentes Renovables44,500,000106,864,6392,225,000.0 Autos de Aire3,766,978110,631,617188,348.9 Etanol1,393,907112,025,52469,695.3 Trenes El é ctricos10,188,960122,214,484509,448.0 Calentadores Solares4,603122,219, Biodiesel266,905122,485,99313,345.3 Timers en Calentadores10,046122,496, Calderas Eficientes48,286122,544,3242,414.3 Sector Forestal185,000,000307,544,3249,250,000.0 Sector Agropecuario8,000,000315,544,324400,000.0

Total Emisiones BAU (crecimiento moderado) y con Todas las Medidas de Mitigación ( ), Gg CO 2 e Fuente: elaboración con datos y propuestas de la DSE, ICE, Prugam, MOPT, MINAET, Fundecor y estimaciones propias 2021: 6,054 Gg

Source: NEEDS project, INCAE with data of DSE, ICE, Prugam, MOPT, and MINAET

CONCLUSIONS Middle income countries are also relevant (Costa Ricas case): -Absorptive capacity can produce rapid results -Institutional arrangements and accountability -Avoid becoming part of the problem (long term global goals) -Provide greater emission reductions than other groups of countries -Strengthen national accounting systems of emissions -Overcome governance obstacles -Uncertainty of intl. registry mechanism and natl. implications -Lack of support in early phase -Greater access to carbon markets Some challenges : Carazo, F.