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Español 1- Capítulo 1 ¿Cómo somos?
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Haga Ahora: 29 de agosto 1. Match the opposites: o Morena o Alto o Simpático o Bonito o Serio o Antipático o Cómico o Rubio o Feo o Bajo 2. Words that describe a boy usually end in the vowel ______ and the words that describe a girl usually end in _____. 3. Review vocabulary from last class. (Hand Back Tests!)
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Describe la foto
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8 Sustantivos = Nouns Noun: person, place, thing, idea En español, nouns have gender Sustantivos masculinos / Sustantivos femeninos Noun: person, place, thing, idea En español, nouns have gender Sustantivos masculinos / Sustantivos femeninos
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9 Sustantivos masculinos: usually end in “- o” used with definite article “el” (“the”) usually end in “- o” used with definite article “el” (“the”) El chicoEl bolígrafoEl cuaderno Sustantivos femeninos: may end in “- a”, “- ción”, “- sión”, “- dad” used with definite article “la” (“the”) may end in “- a”, “- ción”, “- sión”, “- dad” used with definite article “la” (“the”) La chicaLa acciónLa televisiónLa posibilidad
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10 Exceptions to the rule…: The gender of some words must be learned because they don’t follow the patterns for masculino or femenino: The gender of some words must be learned because they don’t follow the patterns for masculino or femenino: Masculinos: El día El mapa El reloj El lápiz El pupitre El sacapuntas Femeninos: La tarde La noche La clase La pared #1#1
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Summary ElLos LaLas UnUnos UnaUnas Definite Articles Indefinite Articles *** Did you notice where the singular and plural boxes are?
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Definite and indefinite articles Es un libro. The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item. It’s a book. The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item. Es el libro. It’s the book.
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Definite and indefinite articles Es una silla. The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item. It’s a chair. The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item. Es la silla. It’s the chair..
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Definite and indefinite articles Hay unos libros en la clase. There are a few books in the classroom. Hay unas sillas también. There are some chairs, too.
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Definite and indefinite articles Son los libros para la clase de español. They’re the books for the Spanish class. Son las sillas para los alumnos. They’re the chairs for the students.
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Masculine : un unos a, an some, a few un libro = a book unos libros = some books el los the el libro = the book los libros = the books
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Feminine: una unas a, an some, a few una silla = a chair unas sillas = some chairs la las the la silla = the chair las sillas = the chairs
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Summary ElLos LaLas UnUnos UnaUnas Definite Articles Indefinite Articles *** Did you notice where the singular and plural boxes are?
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Completa with el, la, los, or las: 1. ________ amigo 2. ________ muchacha 3. ________ escuela 4. ________ alumnos 5. ________ amigas 6. ________ muchachas 7. ________ cursos 8. ________ alumno
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Completa with el, la, los, or las: 1. el amigo 2. la muchacha 3. la escuela 4. los alumnos 5. las amigas 6. las muchachas 7. los cursos 8. el alumno
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Completa with un, una, unos, unas: 1. ________ amigo 2. ________ muchacha 3. ________ escuela 4. ________ alumnos 5. ________ amigas 6. ________ muchachas 7. ________ cursos 8. ________ alumno
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Completa with un, una, unos, unas: 1. un amigo 2. una muchacha 3. una escuela 4. unos alumnos 5. unas amigas 6. unas muchachas 7. unos cursos 8. un alumno
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Un poco más… Articles and Nouns explanation Central America Rock
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What is a pronoun? It’s a word used instead of a noun Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are pronouns. When the pronoun is the subject (the person doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a Subject Pronoun. Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.
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What are the English subject pronouns? SingularPlural 1 st personIWe 2 nd personYouYou all 3 rd personHe, She, ItThey
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English subject pronouns and their Spanish equivalents Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English, but there are some differences. SingularPlural 1 st person I = Yo We = nosotros (m) Nosotras (f) 2 nd person You (familiar) = tú You (plural, familiar) = vosotros vosotras 3 rd person He = él She = ella You (formal) = Usted (Ud.) They (m) = Ellos They (f) = Ellas You (plural) = Ustedes (Uds.)
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The first person singular pronoun “YO” “Yo” means “I” and is used in the same way as in English. o Yo soy americano. o Yo soy estudiante. Note that it is not capitalized unless it starts a sentence: o Mi amigo y yo…
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Second person singular pronoun Tú Tú means you (familiar/ informal) Used when talking to someone familiar We’ll learn more about this in a moment.
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3 rd person singular masculine él Él = he It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man. used in the same way as its English counterpart: o Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara. DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are actually writing the Spanish word for “the” o él = heel = the
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3 rd person singular Feminine Ella Ella = she It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman. used in the same way as its English counterpart: o Rosa es mexicana. Ella es de Acapulco. Please pronounce it correctly. o It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah) o Remember ll= y sound.
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formal you Usted (Ud.) Usted means you (formal) Used when talking to someone you should respect. Abbriviated --(Ud.) Considered a 3 rd person singular pronoun. We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.
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Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk about a group of people that includes you. in English we have one word to talk about “we,” but in Spanish, we distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine: Juan: “Mi hermano y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires.” Juana: “Mi hermana y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotras vivimos en La Paz.” use the masculine pronoun if it refers to a mixed group: Juan: “Mi hermano, mi novia, y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires.” Juana: “Mi hermana, mis padres, y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotros vivimos en La Paz. The first person plural pronoun “Nosotros / nosotras”
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3 rd person Plural masculine Ellos Ellos = They (masculine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Jorge y Pepe son mexicanos. Ellos son de Guadalajara. Jorge y Ana son alumnos. Ellos son amigos también. Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs) Remember ll= y sound.
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3 rd person plural Feminine Ellas Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Sofía y Ana son alumnas. Ellas son amigas también. Please pronounce it correctly. o It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs) o Remember ll= y sound.
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formal you Plural Ustedes (Uds.) Abbriviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower case “s” period. (Uds.) Considered a 3 rd person plural pronoun. We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.
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YOU, You, and You In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is singular and plural, masculine and feminine, formal and informal o Note: y’all or you all is not standard English, but we will use it to help learn the Spanish forms of “you”. In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you” o tú o usted (Ud.) o vosotros o vosotras o ustedes (Uds.)
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Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one has a specific time when it used. If you use the wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with whom you are speaking. Differences – YOU: Tú vs. Usted Tú = you (informal/familiar) Use “tú” when talking to people with whom you are on a first name basis. friends family small children people younger than you pets Usted (Ud.) = you (formal) Use “Usted” when talking with people to whom you should show respect. People in authority (police, teachers, bosses, etc.) Strangers Acquaintances Adults
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The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is used differently in Spain and Latin America. In Spain, vosotros/as is used when talking to an informal group. Uds. is used to address a formal group. In Latin America, Uds. is generally used in both formal and informal situations. (They don’t use vosotros/as) Since we use Latin American Spanish in class, we will only use Uds. to indicate all forms of y’all. Differences – Y’all
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Review Yo = I First person singular Not capitalized unless the first word of the sentence Used to talk ABOUT yourself Nosotros/as = we First person plural distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine Used to talk ABOUT yourself and friends Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar) Second person Singular Use it to talk TO a person that is a friend or family member Vosotros/as = You (singular, familiar) Second person Plural Use it to talk TO a group of friends or family members. Third person singular Él = he Don’t forget the accent Use it to talk ABOUT a guy. Ella = she Use it to talk ABOUT a girl. Watch the pronunciation. Ud. = You (singular, formal) Use it to talk TO a person that is due respect. Third person plural Ellos = They (masculine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group. Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. Uds. = You (plural) Use it to talk TO a group of people
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Subjects = Sujetos IWe You (informal) You all (informal) He She It You (formal) They You all (formal) YoNosotros TúVosotros Él Ella Usted Ellos Ellas Ustedes
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Homework: Tarea QUIZ NEXT CLASS!! o Flashcards due! (first three sections of vocab) o SPELLING! o STUDY- vocab, subject pronouns chart, articles yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos, ellas El, la, los, las----un, una, unos, unas
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In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you” o Vosotros o Vosotras o Ustedes (Uds.) Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú. Ustedes is the plural form of usted. Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of males or a mixed group. Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is used when the entire group is female These two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain. We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need to be aware of it. Differences – Y’all
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