Hand in / Entrega: Harappa Drawing Harappa Drawing Chapter 3- Section 1 Review Chapter 3- Section 1 Review Questions 1-8 Questions 1-8 Vocabulary LINCS.

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1 Hand in / Entrega: Harappa Drawing Harappa Drawing Chapter 3- Section 1 Review Chapter 3- Section 1 Review Questions 1-8 Questions 1-8 Vocabulary LINCS Vocabulary LINCS Dibujo de Harappa Dibujo de Harappa Capítulo 3- Sección 1 Repaso Capítulo 3- Sección 1 Repaso Preguntas 1-8 Preguntas 1-8 Vocabulary- LINCS Vocabulary- LINCS

2 FOCUS October 24, 2008 New Empires in India 1.When did Asoka die? 2.Whose reign began in AD 75? 3.What is the earliest event shown in this timeline? 1.¿Cuándo Asoka murió? 2.¿De quién reinado comenzó en el AD 75? 3.¿Cuál es el evento más temprano demostrado en este timeline?

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4 Section 2 / Sección 2 New empires in India Imperios nuevos en la India Pages 76-81

5 The Big Idea / La idea grande New Indian empires grew rich through trade and left a lasting legacy of accomplishments. Los imperios indios nuevos crecieron ricos a través de comercio y dejaron una herencia duradera de realizaciones.

6 Spotlight Video New Empires in India http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745256&VIDEO=3964&CHAPT ER=3&MODE=2

7 Three New Empires Tres imperios nuevos Pages 76-79

8 Main Idea Idea principal Warring kingdoms united to force out invaders, which led to three Indian empires Warring kingdoms united to force out invaders, which led to three Indian empires Los reinos que guerreaban unieron para derricar a los invasores que condujeron a tres imperios indios. Los reinos que guerreaban unieron para derricar a los invasores que condujeron a tres imperios indios.

9 Historia and You Poll Question Is it better to be loved or feared? Is it better to be loved or feared? –Loved –Feared ¿Es mejor a estar amado o temido? ¿Es mejor a estar amado o temido? –Amado –Temido

10 Mauryan Empire Imperio de Mauryan founded by Candragupta Maurya founded by Candragupta Maurya highly centralized highly centralized divided into provinces ruled by governors divided into provinces ruled by governors fundado por Candragupta Maurya fundado por Candragupta Maurya muy centralizado muy centralizado dividido en provincias gobernó por los gobernadores dividido en provincias gobernó por los gobernadores

11 Aśoka the grandson the grandson considered the greatest ruler in the history of India considered the greatest ruler in the history of India converted to Buddhism converted to Buddhism used Buddhist ideals to guide his rule used Buddhist ideals to guide his rule El nieto El nieto considerado ser el gobernante más mejor en la historia de la India considerado ser el gobernante más mejor en la historia de la India convertió al Buddhism convertió al Buddhism utilizó los ideales budistas para dirigir su reinado utilizó los ideales budistas para dirigir su reinado

12 Three Indian Empires Map Mapa indio de tres imperios (77) Which areas did the three empires have in common? Which areas did the three empires have in common? How did the location of these empires relate to trade routes shown on the map on page 78? How did the location of these empires relate to trade routes shown on the map on page 78? Name the three empires Name the three empires ¿Qué áreas tenían en común los tres imperios? ¿Qué áreas tenían en común los tres imperios? ¿Cómo la localización de estos imperios se relacionó con las rutas comerciales demostradas en el mapa en la página 78? ¿Cómo la localización de estos imperios se relacionó con las rutas comerciales demostradas en el mapa en la página 78? Nombre los tres imperios Nombre los tres imperios

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14 Three Indian Empires Map Mapa indio de tres imperios (77) Northwest India, part of the Ganges, foothills of the Hindu Kush Northwest India, part of the Ganges, foothills of the Hindu Kush The empires controlled the main east-west route south of the Himalaya and one or more of the north- south routes The empires controlled the main east-west route south of the Himalaya and one or more of the north- south routes Mauryan Empire Mauryan Empire Kushan Empire Kushan Empire Gupta Empire Gupta Empire La India del noroeste, parte del Ganges, colinas del Hindu-Kuch La India del noroeste, parte del Ganges, colinas del Hindu-Kuch Los imperios controlaron la ruta principal de este al oest en el sur del Himalaya y de uno o más de las rutas norte-sur. Los imperios controlaron la ruta principal de este al oest en el sur del Himalaya y de uno o más de las rutas norte-sur. Imperio de Mauryan Imperio de Mauryan Imperio de Kushan Imperio de Kushan Imperio de Gupta Imperio de Gupta

15 Reading Check (77) Why was Aśoka considered a great ruler? Why was Aśoka considered a great ruler? ¿Por qué Aśoka era considerado una gran regla? ¿Por qué Aśoka era considerado una gran regla?

16 Reading Check (77) He built hospitals, was concerned for the welfare of his people, and expanded trade, which led to prosperity. He built hospitals, was concerned for the welfare of his people, and expanded trade, which led to prosperity. Él construyó hospitales, fue preocupado para el bienestar de su gente, y expandió el comercio, que condujo a la prosperidad. Él construyó hospitales, fue preocupado para el bienestar de su gente, y expandió el comercio, que condujo a la prosperidad.

17 People in World History Activity p 113 Chandragupta Maurya (ruled 324-301 B.C.) The food at the center of the dish is hottest. Chandragupta, explaining his strategy of conquering the outlying areas of kingdoms first Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire in northern India. Much of what is known about him is from a foreign diplomat who resided in Chandragupta's court. Although many details are lost to history, the man who wrote about Chandragupta left a picture of an intelligent and ambitious ruler. As a young army officer, Chandragupta developed a plan to unify and build an empire out of the many small kingdoms in northern India. He organized a revolt that ended Greek rule in the Punjab and then led his army in the capture of the Magada kingdom. From this base, he focused on expanding his empire. His method was straightforward and effective: his armies would harass the outer areas of the kingdoms, drain their strength and resources, and, when the time was right, move in and take over. With each victory, Chandragupta's power spread and his armies grew. The diplomat who wrote of him tells of an army of 700,000 soldiers, 10,000 chariots, and 9,000 elephants—an awesome sight to any would-be adversary. By about 303 B.C., Chandragupta controlled the valuable Indus and Ganges River plains, as well as regions in northwestern India. Soon thereafter, he had also gained control of parts of Afghanistan. Chandragupta was an authoritarian ruler who strictly enforced harsh laws. He reigned over a complex bureaucracy of his own creation. Government officials directed economic activities of the empire. They also oversaw massive public works projects, which included irrigation projects and sophisticated roads. For example, the Great Royal Road stretched for 1,863 miles (3,000 km). Workers traveled along this and ancillary roads in an efficient postal service. Chandragupta was apparently not confident in his rule, however. This great leader rarely left his huge, lavish palace for fear of assassination. He is said to have slept in a different room every night and to have had his food tasted for poison. He also established a vast "secret service" to protect himself and his position. In about 300 B.C., Chandragupta abdicated his throne so that his son could take over. Tradition has it that he became a monk and fasted until he starved himself to death. Aśoka, the enlightened king who was the last great ruler of the Mauryan Empire, was Chandragupta's grandson. Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire in northern India. Much of what is known about him is from a foreign diplomat who resided in Chandragupta's court. Although many details are lost to history, the man who wrote about Chandragupta left a picture of an intelligent and ambitious ruler. As a young army officer, Chandragupta developed a plan to unify and build an empire out of the many small kingdoms in northern India. He organized a revolt that ended Greek rule in the Punjab and then led his army in the capture of the Magada kingdom. From this base, he focused on expanding his empire. His method was straightforward and effective: his armies would harass the outer areas of the kingdoms, drain their strength and resources, and, when the time was right, move in and take over. With each victory, Chandragupta's power spread and his armies grew. The diplomat who wrote of him tells of an army of 700,000 soldiers, 10,000 chariots, and 9,000 elephants—an awesome sight to any would-be adversary. By about 303 B.C., Chandragupta controlled the valuable Indus and Ganges River plains, as well as regions in northwestern India. Soon thereafter, he had also gained control of parts of Afghanistan. Chandragupta was an authoritarian ruler who strictly enforced harsh laws. He reigned over a complex bureaucracy of his own creation. Government officials directed economic activities of the empire. They also oversaw massive public works projects, which included irrigation projects and sophisticated roads. For example, the Great Royal Road stretched for 1,863 miles (3,000 km). Workers traveled along this and ancillary roads in an efficient postal service. Chandragupta was apparently not confident in his rule, however. This great leader rarely left his huge, lavish palace for fear of assassination. He is said to have slept in a different room every night and to have had his food tasted for poison. He also established a vast "secret service" to protect himself and his position. In about 300 B.C., Chandragupta abdicated his throne so that his son could take over. Tradition has it that he became a monk and fasted until he starved himself to death. Aśoka, the enlightened king who was the last great ruler of the Mauryan Empire, was Chandragupta's grandson. REVIEWING THE PROFILE Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. How did Chandragupta conquer neighboring kingdoms? What became of Chandragupta? Critical Thinking Drawing Conclusions. Why do you think a powerful emperor such as Chandragupta might fear assassination?

18 Kushān Empire Imperio de Kushān established by nomadic warriors established by nomadic warriors establecido por los guerreros nómadas establecido por los guerreros nómadas

19 Kushān Empire Imperio de Kushān prospered on the prospered on the trade that passed through their empire trade that passed through their empire prosperado en el comercio que pasó a través de su imperio prosperado en el comercio que pasó a través de su imperio

20 Kushān Empire Imperio de Kushān The Silk Road was a trade route between the Roman Empire and China that ran through India’s Kushan Kingdom; called because silk was China’s most valuable product The Silk Road was a trade route between the Roman Empire and China that ran through India’s Kushan Kingdom; called because silk was China’s most valuable product El camino de seda era una ruta comercial entre el imperio romano y la China que pasaron por el reino de Kushan de la India; llamado porque la seda era el producto más valioso de China El camino de seda era una ruta comercial entre el imperio romano y la China que pasaron por el reino de Kushan de la India; llamado porque la seda era el producto más valioso de China

21 The Silk Road http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30_kqCOZXSI

22 Trade Routes of the Ancient World Rutas del comercio del mundo antiguo (78) Which physical characteristics along the overland trade routes caused hardships for the caravans? Which physical characteristics along the overland trade routes caused hardships for the caravans? Why are there multiple parallel routes in some places? Why are there multiple parallel routes in some places? List 5 commodities that were traded, including the most valuable. List 5 commodities that were traded, including the most valuable. ¿Qué características físicas a lo largo del comercio por tierra encaminan causaron las dificultades para las caravanas? ¿Qué características físicas a lo largo del comercio por tierra encaminan causaron las dificultades para las caravanas? ¿Por qué hay rutas del paralelo del múltiplo en algunos lugares? ¿Por qué hay rutas del paralelo del múltiplo en algunos lugares? Enumere 5 productos que fueron negociadas, incluyendo el más valioso. Enumere 5 productos que fueron negociadas, incluyendo el más valioso.

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24 Trade Routes of the Ancient World Rutas del comercio del mundo antiguo (78) Gobi desert, Himalaya, Hindu Kush Gobi desert, Himalaya, Hindu Kush They had different destination points. They had different destination points. Silk, cloth, coinage, glassware, incense, ivory, metal, precious stones, slaves, spices, timber, tortoise shell, wine Silk, cloth, coinage, glassware, incense, ivory, metal, precious stones, slaves, spices, timber, tortoise shell, wine Desierto de Gobi, Himalaya, Hindu-Kuch Desierto de Gobi, Himalaya, Hindu-Kuch Tenían diversos puntos de la destinación. Tenían diversos puntos de la destinación. Seda, paño, invención, cristalería, incienso, marfil, metal, piedras preciosas, esclavos, especias, madera, concha, vino Seda, paño, invención, cristalería, incienso, marfil, metal, piedras preciosas, esclavos, especias, madera, concha, vino

25 The Gupta Empire El imperio de Gupta How large was the Gupta empire? (See page 77) How large was the Gupta empire? (See page 77) ¿Qué grande era el imperio de Gupta? (Véase la página 77) ¿Qué grande era el imperio de Gupta? (Véase la página 77) It covered the entire northern half of India. Cubrió la mitad norteña entera de la India.

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27 The Gupta Empire El imperio de Gupta established by a local prince, Candra Gupta, no relation to Candragupta Maurya established by a local prince, Candra Gupta, no relation to Candragupta Maurya establecido por un príncipe local, Candra Gupta, ninguna relación a Candragupta Maurya establecido por un príncipe local, Candra Gupta, ninguna relación a Candragupta Maurya

28 The Gupta Empire El imperio de Gupta became a dominant political force became a dominant political force se convirtió una fuerza política dominante se convirtió una fuerza política dominante

29 The Gupta Empire El imperio de Gupta golden age of Indian culture golden age of Indian culture edad de oro de la edad de oro de la cultura india cultura india

30 The Gupta Empire El imperio de Gupta actively traded with China, SE Asia and the Mediterranean actively traded with China, SE Asia and the Mediterranean negociado activamente con China, Asia Sur-Oriental y el mediterráneo negociado activamente con China, Asia Sur-Oriental y el mediterráneo

31 Reading Check (79) What characteristics made the Gupta Empire great? What characteristics made the Gupta Empire great? ¿Qué características hicieron el imperio de Gupta grande? ¿Qué características hicieron el imperio de Gupta grande?

32 Reading Check (79) Gupta rulers were fair and tolerant and the empire was prosperous Gupta rulers were fair and tolerant and the empire was prosperous Los gobernantes de Gupta eran justas y tolerante y el imperio era próspero Los gobernantes de Gupta eran justas y tolerante y el imperio era próspero

33 Indian Accomplishments Realizaciones indias Pages 80-81

34 Main Idea Idea principal India produced great works in almost all cultural fields, including literature, architecture, and science. India produced great works in almost all cultural fields, including literature, architecture, and science. La India produjo grandes trabajos en casi todos los campos culturales, incluyendo la literatura, la arquitectura, y la ciencia. La India produjo grandes trabajos en casi todos los campos culturales, incluyendo la literatura, la arquitectura, y la ciencia.

35 History and You Poll Do you like algebra or geography better? Do you like algebra or geography better? ¿Usted tienen gusto de la álgebra o de la geografía mejor? ¿Usted tienen gusto de la álgebra o de la geografía mejor? –Algebra –Geography

36 Literature /Literatura Vedas-religious chants and stories Vedas-religious chants and stories Vedas-religioso canta y las historias Vedas-religioso canta y las historias

37 Literature /Literatura Mahabharata – epic poem with 90,000 stanzas – the longest poem in any written language; describes war between cousins for control of the kingdom Mahabharata – epic poem with 90,000 stanzas – the longest poem in any written language; describes war between cousins for control of the kingdom Mahabharata - poema épico con 90.000 stanzas - el poema más Mahabharata - poema épico con 90.000 stanzas - el poema más largo de cualquier lengua largo de cualquier lengua escrita; describe guerra escrita; describe guerra entre los primos para el entre los primos para el control del reino control del reino

38 Literature /Literatura Ramayana – epic poem; account of fictional ruler Rama. Ramayana – epic poem; account of fictional ruler Rama. Ramayana - poema épico; cuenta de la regla ficticia Rama. Ramayana - poema épico; cuenta de la regla ficticia Rama.

39 Literature /Literatura Kālidāsa – famous author of ancient India Kālidāsa – famous author of ancient India Kālidāsa - autor famoso de la India antigua Kālidāsa - autor famoso de la India antigua

40 Architecture/Arquitectura The three main types of Indian architectural structures which served religious purposes: The three main types of Indian architectural structures which served religious purposes: Los tres tipos principales de estructuras arquitectónicas indias que respondieron a propósitos religiosos: Los tres tipos principales de estructuras arquitectónicas indias que respondieron a propósitos religiosos:

41 Architecture/Arquitectura The pillar – marked sites of events in Buddha’s life The pillar – marked sites of events in Buddha’s life El pilar - sitios marcados de acontecimientos en la vida de Buddha El pilar - sitios marcados de acontecimientos en la vida de Buddha

42 Architecture/Arquitectura The stupa – a burial mound to house a relic of the Buddha; became a place for devotion The stupa – a burial mound to house a relic of the Buddha; became a place for devotion El stupa - un montón de entierro para contener una El stupa - un montón de entierro para contener una reliquia del Buddha; reliquia del Buddha; se convirtió un se convirtió un lugar para la lugar para la dedicación dedicación

43 Architecture/Arquitectura the rock chamber – carved from rock cliffs, housed monks; served for religious ceremonies (Ajanta) the rock chamber – carved from rock cliffs, housed monks; served for religious ceremonies (Ajanta) el compartimiento de la roca - tallado de los el compartimiento de la roca - tallado de los acantilados de la acantilados de la roca, monks roca, monks contenidos; contenidos; servido para las servido para las ceremonias ceremonias religiosas religiosas

44 Stupas Show Spread of Buddhism (80) What is another name for a Buddha stupa? What is another name for a Buddha stupa? Why did the shape and name for stupas change? Why did the shape and name for stupas change? ¿Cuál es otro nombre para un stupa de Buddha? ¿Cuál es otro nombre para un stupa de Buddha? ¿Por qué la forma y el nombre para los stupas cambiaron? ¿Por qué la forma y el nombre para los stupas cambiaron?

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46 Stupas Show Spread of Buddhism (80) Pagoda, shrine or temple Pagoda, shrine or temple As Buddhism spread to other countries, the stupa took on local names and architecture styles. As Buddhism spread to other countries, the stupa took on local names and architecture styles. Pagoda, capilla o templo Pagoda, capilla o templo Mientras que el Buddhism se separó a otros países, el stupa adquirió nombres locales y estilos de la arquitectura. Mientras que el Buddhism se separó a otros países, el stupa adquirió nombres locales y estilos de la arquitectura.

47 Stupas Rock-Cut stupas at Bhaje (Bhaja), a Buddhist cave site in India.... www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbJHRy1c_ to&feature=related Rock-Cut stupas at Bhaje (Bhaja), a Buddhist cave site in India.... www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbJHRy1c_ to&feature=related www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbJHRy1c_ to&feature=related www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbJHRy1c_ to&feature=related

48 Science and Mathematics Ciencia y matemáticas In Astronomy they charted the movements of the stars and recognized that the earth was a sphere that rotated on its axis and revolved around the sun In Astronomy they charted the movements of the stars and recognized that the earth was a sphere that rotated on its axis and revolved around the sun En astronomía planearon los movimientos de las estrellas y reconocieron que la tierra era una esfera que rotó en su eje y girado alrededor del sol En astronomía planearon los movimientos de las estrellas y reconocieron que la tierra era una esfera que rotó en su eje y girado alrededor del sol

49 Science and Mathematics Ciencia y matemáticas The ancient Indians’ most important contribution was in mathematics The ancient Indians’ most important contribution was in mathematics Los indios antiguos' la mayoría de la contribución importante estaban en matemáticas Los indios antiguos' la mayoría de la contribución importante estaban en matemáticas

50 Science and Mathematics Ciencia y matemáticas Aryabhata was one of the first scientists known to have used algebra Aryabhata was one of the first scientists known to have used algebra Aryabhata era uno de los primeros científicos conocidos para ha utilizado álgebra Aryabhata era uno de los primeros científicos conocidos para ha utilizado álgebra

51 Science and Mathematics Ciencia y matemáticas Indian mathematicians introduced the concept of 0 along with a symbol. Indian mathematicians introduced the concept of 0 along with a symbol. Los matemáticos indios introdujeron el concepto de 0 junto con un símbolo. Los matemáticos indios introdujeron el concepto de 0 junto con un símbolo.

52 Reading Check (81) How have Indian advances in science and mathematics influenced our world today? How have Indian advances in science and mathematics influenced our world today? ¿Cómo los avances indios en ciencia y matemáticas han influenciado nuestro mundo hoy? ¿Cómo los avances indios en ciencia y matemáticas han influenciado nuestro mundo hoy?

53 Reading Check (81) You study the rotation of Earth on its axis, learn algebra, and you use zero in mathematics. You study the rotation of Earth on its axis, learn algebra, and you use zero in mathematics. Usted estudia la rotación de la tierra en su eje, aprende álgebra, y le utiliza cero en matemáticas. Usted estudia la rotación de la tierra en su eje, aprende álgebra, y le utiliza cero en matemáticas.

54 Homework/Preparación: Chapter 3 – Section 2 Review (81) Chapter 3 – Section 2 Review (81) Questions 1-8 Questions 1-8 Vocabulary - use LINCS Vocabulary - use LINCS Capítulo 3 - Repaso de la sección 2 (81) Capítulo 3 - Repaso de la sección 2 (81) Preguntas 1-8 Preguntas 1-8 El vocabulario - utiliza LINCs El vocabulario - utiliza LINCs