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Past participles used as adjectives
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What is a past participle?
It is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. You can use it to describe a condition or an injury to a part of the body. For example: The verb “torcer” (to twist/sprain) Me torcí el tobillo. (Preterite form) Now let’s use the past participle of torcer as an adjective: Tengo el tobillo torcido. (Notice the different ending)
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How to form a past participle:
For an –ar verb: drop the infinitive ending and add -ado For example: Vendar Vendado Hinchar Hinchado For an –er or –ir verb: drop the infinitive ending and add -ido For example: TorcerTorcido HerirHerido
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¡Cuidado! Watch out for the irregulars:
Tengan mucho cuidado….. Romper (to break)turns into “Roto” NOT “Rompido” Abrir (to open) turn into “Abierto” NOT “Abrido”
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Agreement of past participles and nouns
When used as adjectives, participles must agree with nouns in number and gender: Tengo los brazos rotos. Tiene las piernas rotas. Tienes el codo hinchado. Tengo el dedo vendado. Tienen las orejas quemadas.
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