1 El Pretérito de los verbos 2 I went to the store. I bought a shirt. I paid in cash. El Pretérito: is a past tense (“-ed”) talks about what happened.

Presentación del tema: "1 El Pretérito de los verbos 2 I went to the store. I bought a shirt. I paid in cash. El Pretérito: is a past tense (“-ed”) talks about what happened."— Transcripción de la presentación:

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2 1 El Pretérito de los verbos

3 2 I went to the store. I bought a shirt. I paid in cash. El Pretérito: is a past tense (“-ed”) talks about what happened is a completed action

4 3 The stem for regular verbs in the pretérito is the infinitive stem. Tomartom- Hablarhabl- Comercom- Beberbeb- Abrirabr- Salirsal-

5 4 Pretérito endings for -ar verbs are: -é -aste -ó -amos -asteis -aron

6 5 Pretérito endings for –er / -ir verbs are: -í -iste -ió -imos -isteis -ieron

7 6 REMEMBER: accents on the “yo” form and the “él / ella / Ud.” form -ar / -ir “nosotros” form is the same in present and pretérito

8 7 (-ar verbs) tomé tomaste tomó tomamos tomasteis tomaron Por ejemplo: tomar

9 8 (-er / -ir verbs) comí comiste comió comimos comisteis comieron Por ejemplo: comer

10 9 (-er / -ir verbs) abrí abriste abrió abrimos abristeis abrieron Por ejemplo: abrir

11 10 Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in the “yo” form of the pretérito. buscar tocar practicar pagar jugar llegar almorzar empezar comenzar Unos Irregulares:

12 11 The “yo” form of the pretérito changes to conserve the sound of the infinitive: -car -gar -zar “-qué” “-gué” “-cé” “tocé” “jugé” “rezé”

13 12 (-car verbs) busqué buscaste buscó buscamos buscasteis buscaron Por ejemplo: buscar

14 13 (-gar verbs) pagué pagaste pagó pagamos pagasteis pagaron Por ejemplo: pagar

15 14 (-zar verbs) almorcé almorzaste almorzó almorzamos almorzasteis almorzaron Por ejemplo: almorzar

16 Present tense –ir stem- changers (boot verbs) also have a stem-change in the preterite tense. The change is a little different. In the preterite they are called the “Sandal Verbs”

17 dormir dormimos dormís duermen duermo duermes duerme  dormir dormimos dormisteis durmieron dormí dormiste durmió  Every stem-changing (shoe) verb in the present tense ue u Type 1 “Sandal” verbs The preterit stem changes occur only in the third persons. o  ue o  u that is also an - ir verb is a “sandal” verb in the preterit.

18 Type 1: o  ue, o  u Juan durmió seis horas anoche, y sus hermanos durmieron ocho. dormir Juan slept six hours last night, and his brothers slept eight. Alicia murió dos años después de que murieron sus padres. morir Alicia died two years after her parents died.

19 dormir(ue,u) – to sleep  dormí  dormiste  durmió  dormimos  dormisteis  durmieron Ella no durmió bien anoche. She did not sleep well last night. The “o” changes to “u” in the 3 rd persons only.

20 When you look up stem- changing verbs in the dictionary, for example: dormir (ue,u) present tense “boot” stem-change / preterite tense “sandal” stem-change

21 dormir (ue,u) The “ue” refers to the stem-change in the present tense.  duermo  duermes  duerme  dormimos  dormís  duermen Remember the forms that have the stem-change in the present tense form the boot shape. These are the “boot verbs”. ¿Duermes mucho? Do you sleep a lot?

22 dormir (ue,u) The “u” refers to the stem-change in the preterite tense.  dormí  dormiste  durmió  dormimos  dormisteis  durmieron The forms that have the stem-change in the preterite tense form more of a “sandal” shape. These are the “sandal verbs”.

23 REMEMBER!! Present Tense – Boot Verbs / Preterite Tense – Sandal Verbs dormir (ue, u) pedir (i, i) preferir (ie, i) mentir (ie, i) repetir (i, i) sentir (ie, i) preferir (ie, i) We have already learned the Boot Verbs when we learned the present tense. This lección, we are learning the Preterite Sandal Verbs.

24 pedir(i,i) – to request, ask for  pedí  pediste  pidió  pedimos  pedisteis  pidieron Ud. pidió la ensalada. You ordered the salad. The “e” changes to “i” in the 3 rd persons only.

25 preferir (ie, i) – to prefer  preferí  preferiste  prefirió  preferimos  preferisteis  prefirieron Uds. prefirieron español. You prefered Spanish. The “e” changes to “i” in the 3 rd persons only.

26 Just follow the same pattern for any other –ir stem-changers you come upon. Just look for the second vowel after the infinitive: sentir(ie,i) By the way, there are only –ir sandal verbs. -ar or –er verbs do not stem change in the preterite.

27 –er and –ir verbs -yó / -yeron verbs

28 leíste leímos leísteis leieron leí leióyó yeron Verbs that change the “i” to “y” in the third-persons singular and plural Example: leer Notice that every form except third-person plural bears a written accent.

29 The “i” to “y” change applies only to - er and - ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel leer creer leyóleyeron creyócreyeron oír oyóoyóoyeron

30 leer – to read  leí  leíste  leyó  leímos  leísteis  leyeron Leí seis libros para la clase de ingles. I read six books for English class. * “y” replaces the “i” in the 3 rd persons. * leyeron is the only form without an accent.

31 oír – to hear  oí  oíste oyóoyó  oímos  oísteis  oyeron ¿No oíste la fecha del examen? Didn’t you hear the date of the test? * “y” replaces the “i” in the 3 rd persons. * oyeron is the only form without an accent.

32 The irregular preterite verbs

33 estar – to be  estuve  estuviste  estuvo  estuvimos  estuvisteis  estuvieron Estuve en casa ayer. I was at home yesterday. * This verb contains “uv” * There are no accents.

34 tener – to have  tuve  tuviste  tuvo  tuvimos  tuvisteis  tuvieron Tuve que trabajar ayer. I had to work yesterday. * This verb contains “uv” similiar to the preterite conjugation of estar: estuve, estuviste, etc. * There are no accents.

35 decir – to say, tell  dije  dijiste  dijo  dijimos  dijisteis  dijeron Mis padres dijeron que no. My parents said no. * The “c” is replaced by a “j”. * The 3 rd person form is –eron. * There are no accents.

36 hacer – to do, make  hice  hiciste  hizo  hicimos  hicisteis  hicieron Juan no hizo su tarea. Juan didn’t do his homework. * The “c” is replaced by a “z” in the 3 rd person singular form to maintain the soft pronunciation. * There are no accents.

37 dar and ver – the irregular “fraternal twins” dar  di  diste  dio  dimos  disteis  dieron ver  vi  viste  vio  vimos  visteis  viereon No accents

38 ir and ser – the irregular “identical twins” 1. Yo fui (I went, was) _________________________ _ 2. Tú fuiste (you went,were) _________________________ _ 3. Él fue (he went, was) Ella fue (she went, was) Ud. fue (you went, polite were) fue (it is) “it” was implied 1. Nosotros fuimos (we went,were) Nosotras fuimos (we went, were fem.) ___________________________ 2. Vosotros fuisteis (you went, were) Vosotras fuisteis (you went, were fem.) ___________________________ 3. Ellos fueron (they went, were) Ellas fueron (they went, were fem.) Uds. fueron (you went, were plural)