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Anthropogenic and natural CO 2 exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar Aida F. Ríos Susana Rodríguez-Gálvez Javier Ruiz Fiz F. Pérez Ahmed Makaoui Abdellatif Orbi Jesús García-Lafuente Antonio Sánchez-Román I. Emma Huertas
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SPAIN MOROCCO MEDITERRANEAN SEA ATLANTIC OCEAN 2.51 millons of km² 14 km
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1)Seguimiento conjunto hispano-marroquí de una Serie Temporal en el Estrecho de Gibraltar (2005MA0004-2007MA0056) CSIC-CNRST 2) Acción Complementaria: Campañas Oceanográficas Asociadas al Proyecto Integrado Europeo CARBOOCEAN (CTM2006-26206-E/MAR) 3) Producción Pelágica en la Plataforma Atlántico-Andaluza (CTM2006-26206-E/MAR) 4)SESAME IP: Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modeling Ecosystem Changes (FP6-036949 GOCE)
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Atlantic-Mediterranean Interface (AMI) Surface Atlantic Water (SAW) Inflow Mediterranean Water (MOW) Outflow
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Campaign IDDate CARBOGIB102-05 May, 2005 CARBOGIB207-09 Sept, 2005 CARBOGIB312-14 Dec, 2005 CARBOGIB420-22 March, 2006 CARBOGIB521-23 May, 2006 GIFT323-24 Nov, 2006 CARBOGIB613-15 Dec, 2006 CARBOGIB707-08 May, 2007 CARBOGIB804-05 July, 2007 DATA ANALYSED 10 m 20 m AI AMI MOW Campaign IDDate CARBOGIB97-9 Sept, 2007 GIFT47-14 April, 2008 GIFT517-25 July, 2008 GIFT618-28 Sept, 2008 GIFT74-22 Oct, 2008 ONGOING ANALYSIS
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(ºC) S DO ( molkg -1 ) pH T (ºC) S SS A T ( molkg -1 ) TIC ( molkg -1 )
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A T = 92.98*S-993 n=298 r 2 =0.989
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CONCENTRATION OF C ANT IN THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR: DIFFERENT APPROACHES TrOCAC*C* C bio CaCO 3diss
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G3 ESPARTEL G1 CAMARINAL G2 INTERFACE 1 Sv 0.8 Sv 1 Sv ATLANTIC INFLOW MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW
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García-Lafuente et al. (2002a). Subinertial variability in the flow through the Strait of Gibraltar JGR (DOI: 10.1029/2001JC0011004). García-Lafuente et al. (2002b). Inflow interruption by meteorological forcing in the Strait of Gibraltar. GRL (DOI 10.1029/2002GL015446). García Lafuente et al. (2002c). Low frequency variability of the exchanged flows through the Strait of Gibraltar during CANIGO. DSR Vargas et al. (2006) Fortnightly and monthly variability of the exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar, PiO.
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TIME SERIES OF MOW AT ESPARTELL SILL García-Lafuente et al. (2007) JGR (prior data set 2004-2005)
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NET FLUXES OF CARBON THROUGH THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR FN=FM-FA=( M *Q M *C T M )-( A *Q A *C T A ) Station ID Water Mass Signature Density (kgm -3 10 -3 ) Q (Sv) A T ( molkg -1 ) C T ( molkg -1 ) CaCO 3diss ( molkg -1 ) C bio ( molkg -1 ) C ANT(newTrOCA) ( molkg -1 ) C ANT(C*) ( molkg -1 ) DOC 1 ( molkg -1 ) 6NASW 1.027 0.892380211622646059 6MOW 1.030 -0.85254722961742785145 8NASW 1.027 0.852403214158696159 8MOW 1.030 -0.81257823312150815246 F N (kmols -1 ) -44-67-13-35-81114 Uncertainty (kmols -1 ) 1.51.60.30.41.511 1 Data taken from Dafner et al. (2001) 37.0 37.8 st 6st 8 Atlantic OceanMediterranean Sea Mixing 0.13 Sv 0.85 Sv0.89 Sv S=36.30 S=36.53 0.044 Sv Entrainment -0.85 Sv S=38.06 -0.80 Sv S=38.397 Gibraltar Units in kmol s -1 CaCO 3 16 CO 2 outgassing 19 O2O2 49 F N C bio =-35 F N A T =-44 F N C T =-67 F N DOC=14 F N C ANT(C*) =11 Rivers Black Sea Espartel Sill Camarinal Sill st 7 Schneider et al., 2007
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A net export of inorganic carbon equivalent to 0.025 Pg C yr -1 takes place from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean An annual flux of 4.2 Tg C ANT towards the Mediterranean basin can be detected Conclusions C ANT CTCT I.E.Huertas, A. F. Ríos, J. García-Lafuente, A. Makaoui, S. Rodríguez-Gálvez, A.Sánchez-Román, A. Orbi, J. Ruíz and F. F. Pérez. Anthropogenic and natural CO 2 exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar. Biogeosciences (submitted) THE ATLANTIC IS FEEDING THE MEDITERRANEAN WITH C ANT !!
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TO BE CONTINUED….. THANK YOU SO MUCH
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