Preterite Imperfect Preterite vs Imperfect

Presentación del tema: "Preterite Imperfect Preterite vs Imperfect"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Preterite Imperfect Preterite vs Imperfect
Past Tense Preterite Imperfect Preterite vs Imperfect

2 Preterite conjugation
Regular Verb Endings: ___-ar__ _ ____-er/-ir___ -é -amos -í -imos -aste -asteis -iste -isteis -ó -aron -ió -ieron

3 Preterite conjugation Irregular Yo
Yo spelling changes: -car -qué -gar -gué -zar -cé

4 Otros verbos –car acercarse (to come near, approach) buscar (to look for) arrancar (to pull out, start (engine) chocar (to crash) colocar (to place, put) complicar (to complicate) comunicar (to communicate) criticar (to criticize, critique) dedicar (to dedicate, devote) educar (to educate) embarcarse (to board, go on board) marcar (to dial, mark) equivocarse (to make a mistake) masticar (to chew) fabricar (to make, manufacture) pescar (to fish) justificar (to justify, give a reason for) platicar (to chat) practicar (to practice) secar (to dry) explicar (to explain) sacar (to take out, remove, receive [grades])

5 Otros verbos –gar agregar (to add) ahogarse (to drown)
apagar (to turn off) cargar (to carry, load) castigar (to punish) despegar (to take off, peel off) pagar (to pay) pegar (to hit, glue) tragar (to swallow) llegar (to arrive) encargar (to put in charge, order [goods]) Stem changers colgar (ue) (to hang up) fregar (ie) to wash dishes, scrub) negar (ie) (to deny) regar (ie) (to water plants) jugar (ue) (to play a game, sports) rogar (ue) (to beg)

6 Otros verbos –zar almorzar (to eat lunch) abrazar (to hug)
aterrizar (to land) cruzar (to cross) comenzar (ie) (to begin) empezar (ie) (to begin) especializarse en (to specialize in, major in) garantizar (to guarantee) gozar (to enjoy) lanzar (to throw) rezar (to pray) realizar (to carry out, attain, realize) tranquilizar (to calm down) tropezar (ie) (to trip, stumble) utilizar (to use, make use of)

7 Preterite Irregular Conjugation -uve group
andar- to walk anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvisteis, anduvieron tener- to have tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron estar- to be estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron

8 Preterite Irregular Conjugation I group
hacer- to do, to make hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron venir- to come vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron querer- to want quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron

9 Preterite Irregular Conjugation J group
traer- to bring traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron decir- to have dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron traducir- to translate (all -ucir verbs like conducir to drive) traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron

10 Preterite Irregular Conjugation supe, pu-, pu- group
saber- to know supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron poner- to put puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron poder- to be able pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron

11 Preterite Irregular Conjugation Other Verbs
caber- to fit cupe, cupiste, cupo, cupimos, cupisteis, cupieron satisfacer- satisfice, satisficiste, satisfizo, satisficimos, satisficisteis, satisficieron

12 Preterite Irregular Conjugation
Ser- to be and ir- to go. (You know which verb it is by using context of the sentence) fui fuimos fuiste fuisteis fue fueron

13 Dar and Ver dar- to give ver- to see di dimos vi vimos
diste disteis viste visteis dio dieron vio vieron

14 Preterite Stem Changers
Stem changes occur in –ir verbs only. Stem changes occur in él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds only. Stem changes are: e i o u

15 Preterite Stem Changers
sentir (ei, i) (to feel) advertir (ei, i) (to warn) convertir (ei, i) (to convert) convertirse (ei, i) (to become) divertir (ei, i) (to amuse) mentir (ei, i) (to lie) divertirse (ei, i) (to amuse oneself) preferir (ei, i) (to prefer) sentir (ei, i) (to feel, be sorry) sentirse (ei, i) (to feel) dormir (ue, u) (to sleep) morir (ue, u) (to die) dormirse (ue, u) (to fall asleep)

16 Preterite Stem Changers
servir (i, i) (to serve) medir (i, i) (to measure) repetir (i, i) (to repeat) seguir (i, i) (to continue) despedir (i, i) (to fire someone) vestir (i, i) (to dress) pedir (i, i) (to ask for, request) reír (i, i) (to smile) conseguir (i, i) (to get, obtain) sonreír (i, i) (to laugh) vestirse (i, i) (to dress oneself) freír (i, i) (to fry) despedirse de (i, i) (to say good-bye to)

17 Preterite conjugation i to y change (not –uir)
Verbs that end in –er or –ir whose stem ends in a vowel, change i to y in the 3rd person forms, él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds only. leer leí leímos leíste leísteis leyó leyeron caerse (to fall down), creer (to believe), oír (to hear), poseer (to posess)

18 Preterite conjugation -uir verbs (not –guir verbs)
Verbs ending in –uir also change i to y. (Note: there are no accents on tú, nosotros, y vosotros) concluir- (to conclude) conclí concluimos concluiste concluisteis concluyó concluyeron

19 Preterite conjugation Other –uir Verbs
atribuir (to attribute) construir (to build) contribuir (to contribute) distribuir (to distribute) huir (to flee) incluir (to include)

20 Translation The English Translation for the preterite is:
Yo hablé- I spoke

21 Preterite Trigger Words:
ayer anteayer una vez luego entonces de repente cuando anoche hace # años que ... la semana pasada el mes/año pasado

22 Preterite Uses: Specific Action Happened Once Specific Point in Time
Sequential Actions Narration (AKA telling a story) Interrupting Action Beginning or End of an action in past

23 Imperfect Regular Verb Endings:
__-ar__ er/-ir_ _ -aba -ábamos -ía -íamos -abas -abais -ías -íais -aba -aban -ía -ían

24 Imperfect 3 irregular verbs:
__ir__ __ser__ __ver__ iba íbamos era éramos veía veíamos ibas ibais eras erais veías veíais iba iban era eran veía veían

25 Imperfect Translation
The English Translation for the imperfect is: I used to speak Yo hablaba- I was speaking I would speak I spoke

26 Imperfect Trigger Words:
algunas veces generalmente muchas veces todos los días a menudo siempre frecuentemente a veces mientras de vez en cuando cada (día, año, etc.) los lunes/los martes

27 Imperfect Uses: Repeated Action Continuous Action
Habitual Actions (aka “Used to”) Descriptions/ Physical Appearance/ Emotional State Background Info Day/Date/Weather/Age 2 Actions Occurring at the Same Time An ongoing action interrupted by another action (2nd action is preterite)

28 Comparing Usage Preterite Specific Action Happened Once
Specific Point in Time Sequential Actions Narration (AKA telling a story) Interrupting Action Beginning or End of an action in past Imperfect Repeated Action Continuous Action Habitual Actions (aka “Used to”) Descriptions/ Physical Appearance/ Emotional State Background Info Day/Date/Weather/Age 2 Actions Occurring at the Same Time An ongoing action interrupted by another action (2nd action is preterite)

29 Preterite vs Imperfect: verbs that change meaning
Verb Preterite Imperfect Conocer Conocí- I met Conocía- I knew (to know a person or place) saber Supe- I found out Sabía- I knew (to know a fact or how to do something) pensar Pensé- It dawned on me Pensaba- I thought (to think) I realized poder Pude- I managed Podía- I could (to be able, can) I was able

30 Preterite vs Imperfect: verbs that change meaning
Verb Preterite Imperfect  no poder No pude- I couldn´t (failed to) No podía- I couldn´t (to not be able) (a specific effort and (No reference to specific failure implied) effort or failure) querer Quise- I tried Quería- I wanted (to want) no querer No quise- I refused No quería- I didn´t (to not want) want to tener Tuve- I got Tenía- I had (to have)

31 Preterite vs Imperfect: verbs that change meaning
Verb Preterite Imperfect tener que Tuve que...- I had to... Tenía que...- I was (to have to...) supposed to... costar Costó- It cost Costaba- It cost (to cost) (and I bought it) (implies that I didn´t buy it)