Comunicación de Riesgos (Información sobre los riesgos de los productos químicos) (Hazard Communication) Welcome to Hazard Communication training based.

Presentación del tema: "Comunicación de Riesgos (Información sobre los riesgos de los productos químicos) (Hazard Communication) Welcome to Hazard Communication training based."— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Comunicación de Riesgos (Información sobre los riesgos de los productos químicos) (Hazard Communication) Welcome to Hazard Communication training based on OSHA regulation 29CFR

2 Este material fue producido bajo la donación numero 46B4-HT15 de la Seguridad Laboral y la Administración de Salud pertenecientes al Departamento del Trabajo de los Estados Unidos. El material no representa necesariamente los puntos de vista o políticas del Departamento del Trabajo de los Estados Unidos. La mención de marcas, productos comerciales, o de organizaciones no implica ninguna aprobación o apoyo con el gobierno de los Estados Unidos.  This material was produced under grant number 46B4-HT15 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

3 Comunicación de Riesgos 29 CFR 1910.1200
Conocido como el “Derecho a saber sobre quimicos” (“Chemical Right-to-Know” ) El propósito de este estándar es asegurarse de que los patrones y empleados conozcan los riesgos relacionados al trabajo con químicos y como protegerse Se aplica a la industria en general, astilleros, trabajadores de puertos, y de construcción, al igual que a plantas químicas e importadores expuestos a riesgos químicos Hazard communication provides for an employee’s “right to know” about any hazardous chemicals that are used or stored at the workplace, and how to protect themselves from any hazardous exposure. A “Hazardous Chemical” is any chemical which is a physical or health hazard. The regulation applies to general industry, such as manufacturing, production, office areas, medial offices, and other common types of workplaces. The regulation also applies to shipyards, long shoring and construction work, as well as to chemical manufacturers and importers. With few exceptions, whenever an employee or worker is exposed to hazardous chemicals in the workplace, the regulation applies to the company and requires that employees be informed about the chemicals and the methods they can take to prevent injury or illness from exposure to the hazardous chemicals.

4 Comunicación de Riesgos “Derecho a saber sobre quimicos” (“Chemical Right-to-Know”)
Usted, como empleado, tiene derecho a conocer las propiedades y los peligros potenciales de salud y seguridad de cualquier químico peligroso al que pueda estar expuesto. You, as an employee, have the right to know the properties and potential health and safety hazards of any hazardous chemical to which you may be exposed. You are encouraged to ask questions about the materials and chemicals you work with and use at work. Your supervisor or manager will have access to information that will answer the questions you have.

5 Comunicación de Riesgos Químicos Peligrosos
Un químico peligroso es cualquier químico que pueda causar daño físico o que presente un peligro a la salud Los químicos peligrosos pueden ser: Gases Líquidos Sólidos Because the regulation covers exposure to hazardous chemicals, it will help to define in simple terms what a hazardous chemical is. A hazardous chemical is any chemical or mixture of chemicals that may harm you physically or may pose a hazard to your health. Hazardous chemicals can take the form of gases (like propane, acetylene, or nitrogen), liquids (like acetone, benzene, or solvents), or even solids (like carbon dust, asbestos, or some powder coatings).

6 Comunicación de Riesgos Responsabilidades del patrón
Determinar los peligros Identificar y hacer una lista de todos los químicos peligrosos en el área de trabajo Obtener y mantener hojas de datos sobre la seguridad de los materiales (MSDSs) Implementar un programa de HazCom escrito Describe como se alcanzarán las metas del programa (MSDSs, etiquetas e información y entrenamiento de los empleados) Etiquetas y otras formas de alerta Información y entrenamiento de los empleados The company management or supervisors have certain responsibilities that they must comply with under the hazard communication standard. They must evaluate the facility and the chemicals to determine if there are hazardous chemicals in the workplace. They must make sure that all the chemicals that are made at the facility or brought into the facility have been evaluated for hazardous materials. Most manufacturers supply information on their products and chemicals in the form of material safety data sheets (or MSDS). The company must obtain a material safety data sheet for the product, (or if the company manufactures the product, they must make and maintain the MSDS, and supply it to anyone who buys the product). A written hazard communication program is also required. This program must describe HOW the requirements of the standard will be met (where MSDSs are located at the company, what labeling system is used and how information and training is provided to employees). Labels are required to be on all chemical packaging, almost without exception. The label must identify the material, the hazardous components and provide adequate warning information to employees. Employees must be informed about the materials and trained in the equipment, tools and methods that the company uses (or requires the employees to use) to prevent any exposure (or overexposure) to the chemicals. methods that the company uses (or requires the employees to use) to prevent any exposure (or overexposure) to the chemicals.

7 Comunicación de Riesgos Responsabilidades del patrón (continuación)
Un programa escrito de Comunicación de riesgos especifica como el patrón va a dirigir: MSDSs Etiquetas; Marcaciones Información y entrenamiento de los empleados The written program must describe and specify how the company handles Material Safety Data Sheets. This includes where MSDSs are normally kept at the facility, how employees can gain access to them, and who is responsible for maintaining them. Material Safety Data sheets must be kept at the facility where the products are used or stored, and in an area where they are accessible to employees. The regulations also provide for Material Safety Data Sheet use at off-site jobs, for example, in the construction industry, or at remote locations. Although it is strongly recommended that MSDSs be maintained at the job-site, MSDSs can be kept at the main office for the company provided that the employees can have access to them in an emergency situation (either via fax, or other system). Labels and markings are also required to be maintained by the company. Original product labels must be legible and readable, so that employees can know and understand their meaning. If products or chemicals are transferred from one container into another, the new container must be labeled with the product name, the manufacturer’s name and any hazard warnings that are associated with the product. The only exception to this requirement for labeling is very short-duration use of small quantities of chemicals. In this case, the chemical must be used up BEFORE the end of the work-shift, and it must be under the control of only one employee during use. Control of the container may not be transferred to someone else. Even with this exception, care must be taken. Many chemical exposure incidents have occurred because an employee transferred a chemical into a container that is commonly used for another purpose (like a coffee cup or water glass) and mistakenly drank the chemical instead of their coffee or water. Employers are also required to train employees on what materials safety data sheets look like, what the various sections of the MSDS are, and on the hazard warning system or labeling system used at the company. Many companies use the HMIS or NFPA label coding system. This system has four colors (one for each type of hazard: Health, Flammability, Instability, and Special Hazards). The HMIS and NFPA labels also use a numbering system to indicate the severity or level of the hazard (this numbering system is 0-4). More on this later.

8 Comunicación de Riesgos Programa Escrito
El patrón proporciona un programa escrito para proporcionar información y entrenamiento El programa escrito proporciona la información necesaria sobre los peligros Programa Comunicación de Riesgos (f) “Etiquetas y otras formas de alerta." (g) “hojas de datos sobre la seguridad de los materiales" (h) “Informacion y entrenamiento de los empleados." Information on how the employees are informed of the hazards of the materials and labeling system must also be contained in the written program for the company. Most companies provide some sort of formal group training on the hazard communication standard when employees are initially hired into the company, when they are assigned to a new job with new chemical exposures, or when a new chemical is brought into the company for use or storage. However, some companies do perform individual, one-on-one training in hazard communication. In either situation, the training must be documented, and records kept for as long as the employee works for the company. The company’s written hazard communication program must specify where information is kept, how it is used, what the signs and symbols mean, and how employees are informed of the necessary hazard information.

9 Comunicación de Riesgos Hojas de datos sobre la seguridad de los materiales (MSDSs)
Preparadas por la planta, distribuidor o importador del químico. Describen: Peligros físicos: fuego y explosiones Peligros a la salud: señales de exposición Rutas para la exposición Manejo adecuado y tener precauciones de uso Medidas de control Procedimientos de emergencia y primeros auxilios Tiene que ser accesible para los empleados Material Safety Data Sheets, or MSDS are prepared by the manufacturer of the material. They must be written in English. Although they can be maintained in other languages as well, the original English version must be maintained. Employees have the right to have the information on an MSDS explained to them, even if English is not their first language– the key to Haz Comm is understanding. An MSDS describes the physical and chemical characteristics of the product or chemical mixture. It also contains information on: Health effects Exposure limits, and Carcinogenicity (or the ability to cause cancer) MSDSs must contain the manufacturer’s identification (the name, address, and telephone number of company responsible for preparing sheet) and information on whom to call if there is an emergency and more information is needed. Material Safety Data Sheets must be readily available to employees.

10 Comunicación de Riesgos Hojas de datos sobre la seguridad de los materiales (MSDSs)
Sección I Nombre del Fabricante Número de Teléfono de Emargencia Dirección (Número, Calle, Ciudad, Estado, y Código Postal) Número de Teléfono para Información Fecha de Preparación Firma de la persona que preparó (opcional) Sección II - Ingredientes Peligrosos – Información de Identificación Componentes Peligrosos (Identificación Espe- sifica del químico; Nombre(s)comun(es)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Otras limitaciones Recomendadas % (opcional ) Material Safety Data Sheets are required to have specific information and be relatively consistent throughout all industries. Although companies are given some latitude regarding how their MSDSs look, all the sections and information required by the regulation must be on the MSDS if the information is applicable to the product. Some companies provide more than the minimum requirements on their MSDSs. The regulations state that there must be at least 8 sections to an MSDS. Section one provides general information about the manufacturer or supplier of the material and how to contact them. Section two provides information on any hazardous components of the material. Is it 100% of one chemical, or is it a mixture of several chemicals together? Only the hazardous materials must be listed here. If specific limits are defined for chemical exposure, they should be indicated in section two.

11 Comunicación de Riesgos Hojas de datos sobre la seguridad de los materiales
Sección III - Características Físicas/Químicas Punto de Ebullición Gravedad Específica (H 2 O = 1 ) Presión de Vapor (mm Hg) Punto de Fusión Densidad de Vapor (AIRE = 1) Velocidad de Evaporación (Acetato Butílico = 1) Solubilidad en agua Apariencia y olor Sección IV - Datos de Peligro de Fuego y Explosión Punto de Inflamación (Método Usado) Límites de Inflamación LEL UEL Medios de Extinsión Procedimientos Especiales para Combatir el Fuego Fuego inusual y Peligros de Explosión (Reproucido localmente) OSHA 174, Sept. 1985 Section three describes or lists the physical characteristics of the material. What is the boiling point, the pH, or the vapor pressure of the product? Section four gives Fire and Explosion information. What is the flash point of any vapors or fumes? If there are specific fire protection requirements or data available for the product, that information is in this section.

12 Comunicación de Riesgos Hojas de datos sobre la seguridad de los materiales
Sección V - Datos de Reactividad Inestable Estabilidad Estable Condiciones a Evitar Incompatibilidad (materiales a evitar) Descomposición Peligrosa o Subproductors Puede Ocurrir Polimeración Peligrosa No Puede Ocurrir Sección VI - Datos de Peligros Para la Salud Section five of an MSDS provides information on chemical reactivity. Is the material stable under normal working and storage conditions, or will it break down or separate or decompose? Is the product reactive? Can it be exposed to a strong acid or even to water or air without causing a hazardous condition? Section six provides health hazard data. If you are exposed or over-exposed to the product, what symptoms would you have? (Would you have trouble breathing, headache, nausea, or a skin rash? …) What first aid treatment should be applied to someone who gets splashed, or breathes in the fumes from the product? Ruta(s) de Entrada: Inalación? Piel? Ingestión? Peligros para la Salud (pasajeros o crónicos) Canceronigenidad NTP? IARC Monografías? Regulado por OSHA ? Signos y Síntomas de Exposisión Condiciones Médicas Generalmente Agravadas por Exposición Procedimientos de Emergencia y Primeros Auxilios

13 Comunicación de Riesgos Hojas de datos sobre la seguridad de los materiales
Sección VII - Precauciones para un Manejo y Uso Seguro Pasos a Seguir en Caso de Emisión o Derramamiento del Material Método de Eliminación de Desechos Precauciones a Tomar Para el Manejo y Almacenamiento Otras Precauciones Sección VIII - Medidas de Control Section seven describes the Safe Use and Handling precautions. If the product must be stored at a specific temperature, or handled using specific procedures, that information is listed here. Also, spill clean-up and general disposal procedures are listed here. Now, bear in mind that each state or local city or town may have restrictions and limitations on what can and can not be thrown away or flushed to a sewer system, so the disposal information in this section is usually fairly general. Section eight outlines the control measures that should be taken to prevent exposures and overexposures to the product. Is additional ventilation required? Such as the use of a vacuum hood or respirator? Is specific protective equipment (like gloves, goggles, or glasses) required when using the product? If a specific type of glove is recommended (for example neoprene, or nitrile or latex), it will be indicated in this section. Protección Respiratoria (Especificar el tipo) ) Ventilación Escape Local Especial Mecanico (General) Otro Guantes protectores Protección de los ojos Otro Equipo o Vestimenta de Protección Trabajo/Practicas de Higiene * U.S.G.P.O.: 1986 - 491 - 529/45775

14 Comunicación de Riesgos Etiquetar y Marcar
Etiquetar cada contenedor con: Nombre del químico Alertas apropiadas sobre los peligros Nombre y dirección del responsable Las precauciones pueden ser escritas, imágenes, o símbolos siempre y cuando se proporcione información sobre los peligros, y los órganos afectados si los hay Tiene que ser legible Labeling must be included on containers, bottles, pipes and chemical lines. Labels must include the name of the chemical, the appropriate hazard warnings and the name and address of either the manufacturer or another responsible party to contact if there is an emergency. Warnings can be written words, pictures, or symbols, as long as employees understand their meanings and it provides the information required on the hazards and any targeted organs, if applicable. Labels must be maintained so they are legible and readable at all times. If they are defaced, ripped, torn, smudged or otherwise unreadable, they must be replaced.

15 Comunicación de Riesgos Etiquetar y Marcar (continuación)
Dos sistemas comúnmente usados para etiquetar y marcar son: Asociación Nacional de Protección contra Incendios (NFPA) Diamante Sistema de Identificación de Materiales Peligrosos (HMIS) The two most commonly used labeling and marking systems are the National Fire Protection Association (or NFPA) diamond or the Hazardous Materials Identification System (or HMIS). Both systems are similar to one another, in that they use the same color coding and numerical hazard rating system.

16 Comunicación de Riesgos Etiquetar y Marcar (continuación)
Diamante NFPA Código de color y sistema de calificación numérica Azul = Salud Rojo = Inflamabilidad Amarillo = Reactividad Blanco = Información especial sobre peligros The NFPA Diamond uses a color coded system, with numerical hazard ratings in each of the diamond sections. The left hand side of the diamond is always blue and indicates a rating for health hazards. This provides information on how toxic or harmful the substance is to human health. The red section is always found on the top portion of the diamond. Red indicates flammability and informs you of how easily the material will catch fire or burn. The yellow section on the right hand side of the diamond indicated reactivity. Reactivity is an indication of the product’s incompatibility with other substances. The white section of the diamond is always found at the bottom, and indicates any special hazard information. Special hazards include information on carcinogenicity (or the materials likelihood to cause cancer), an incompatibility (or reactivity) with a common material such as water or air, or may use a symbol to indicate a special type of personal protective equipment is required when using the chemical.

17 Comunicación de Riesgos Etiquetar y Marcar (continuación)
Diamante (NFPA) 4 = Peligro de muerte 3 = Peligro severo 2 = Peligro moderado 1 = Peligro ligero 0 = No hay peligro Each section of the diamond is provided with either a number or a symbol to indicate the severity or level of the hazards. The numerical system runs from zero (no hazard) up through 4 (which indicates a major hazard) Special Hazard Symbols may be used in the white section only: Some examples of special symbols include: -“W” (with a horizontal slash through the letter) – This means an unusual reactivity with water. In this case, there may be a higher potential hazard if using water to fight a fire involving this material. -“OX” - denotes an oxidizer. An oxidizer is a chemical which can greatly increase the rate of combustion in a fire. It burns readily and will significantly increase the heat, smoke or flame in a fire.

18 Comunicación de Riesgos Etiquetar y Marcar (continuación)
Sistema HMIS El mismo sistema de colores y calificaciones que el diamante (NFPA) Azul = Salud Rojo = Inflamabilidad Amarillo = Reactividad Blanco = Equipo de Protección Personal o información de protección especial Calificación numérica de 0 a 4 The HMIS system uses the same color coding and numerical system that the NFPA diamond uses. The main difference is the format of the label. The label is either square or rectangular (rather than diamond shaped) and uses the words Health, Flammability, Reactivity and Specific in addition to the color codes and numbers. This label also has a place for the chemical name and other information to be written on the label itself. For this reason, the HMIS system is very popular. Again, the color codes are the same (blue for health, red for flammability, yellow for reactivity and white for personal protective equipment or special protection information). The numerical rating system is also the same, with zero being no hazard through four, which indicates a major hazard.

19 Comunicación de Riesgos Información y entrenamiento de los empleados
Se requiere para todos los empleados que están expuestos a químicos peligrosos en el área de trabajo Aquí se muestra una lista parcial de químicos peligrosos comúnmente usados en la industria: Amonio Nitrógeno Cloro Ácidos Bases Employees are required to be trained and informed about any exposures they have to hazardous chemicals in the workplace. Training includes information on the components of the materials, the health effects they may have, and the controls that are used to prevent or eliminate exposure. Controls include engineering systems (such as ventilation systems or enclosures, administrative (such as time limits for exposure, or specific procedures for working with the chemicals) and personal protective equipment (such as gloves, safety glasses or respirators). There are several chemicals that are common to the food processing industry. These include: -Ammonia – which is generally used as a refrigerant. Physical and health hazard include contact with both liquid and vapor forms of ammonia. Because refrigeration systems operate at elevated pressures, additional care must be taken to maintain and operate these systems to prevent releases. Ammonia reacts with strong oxidizers, acids, halogens, and silver and zinc salts. It is corrosive to copper and galvanized surfaces. Because Ammonia is an irritant to the eyes, nose and throat and can cause breathing difficulties, respiratory protection is required when employees are exposed to the vapors or liquid ammonia. Symptoms include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, wheezing, chest pains; difficulty breathing; pink frothy mucus; skin burns; and liquid ammonia can cause frostbite. Gloves and specialized clothing must be worn to prevent skin contact. -Nitrogen- which is used as a fertilizer in soil, a food preservative and for flash-freezing. Physical and health hazards include a reaction in blood, causing the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood to decrease, potential thyroid dysfunction, and a reduction in the body’s ability to retain vitamin A. Nitrogen-gas exposure can cause a shortness of breath and difficulty breathing, adequate mechanical ventilation is required to remove excess nitrogen vapors from the air. Liquid nitrogen will freeze organic material – including the skin or exposed body parts. Leather gloves and safety glasses or chemical splash goggles are required. -Chlorine – which is used as a disinfectant. Chlorine is corrosive to the skin and eyes, and may be toxic if the vapors are inhaled. Safety goggles and protective gloves and clothing must be used when handling liquids. -Acids – which are used for sanitizing and as an additive to adjust the pH or acidity of a food product. Acids are corrosive to the skin and eyes and can burn the linings of the lungs, nose and throat. Depending upon the quantities used, respiratory protection may be required, but in all cases, safety glasses or goggles and protective gloves and clothing should be used to prevent skin and eye contact. Acids can react with other chemicals to give off toxic fumes. -Bases – which are used as a preservative or as an additive to adjust the pH or acidity of a food product. Bases are corrosive to the skin and eyes and can burn the linings of the lungs, nose and throat. Depending upon the quantities used, respiratory protection may be required, but in all cases, safety glasses or goggles and protective gloves and clothing should be used to prevent skin and eye contact. Bases can react with other chemicals to give off toxic fumes.

20 Comunicación de Riesgos Información y entrenamiento de los empleados (continuación)
Se requiere que los empleados reciban entrenamiento sobre la comunicación de riesgos de la siguiente manera: Inicialmente al ser contratado Cuando algún químico nuevo peligroso sea introducido en el área de trabajo Employees must receive hazard communication whenever one of the following activities occur: When they are hired When a new hazardous chemical is brought into the workplace When changes occur in the uses of existing chemicals which change the hazards that employees are exposed to, and When an employee changes jobs, tasks or responsibilities that present hazards to them that they were not aware of from previous work.

21 Comunicación de Riesgos Información y entrenamiento de los empleados (continuación)
Se tiene que de proporcionar entrenamiento especifico para su área de trabajo, incluyendo: Descripción o una lista de los químicos en su área de trabajo Procedimientos específicos o precauciones que tiene que tener en su área de trabajo La ubicación de: El plan escrito de comunicación de riesgos Lista del inventario de químicos MSDSs Training must be specific to the work area and how the chemicals are used. There must be a description or listing of the chemicals used in the work area. You must be informed of the specific procedures or safety precautions that are used in the work area. And, you must be informed of the location of the written hazard communication plan, the chemical inventory list and where the material safety data sheets are kept.

22 Comunicación de Riesgos Información y entrenamiento de los empleados (continuación)
Se le tiene que proporcionar entrenamiento especifico para su área de trabajo, incluyendo: Los requisitos de la norma de Comunicación de Riesgos Cómo detectar la presencia o escape de un químico peligroso (como se ve, sabe, huele, aparatos de monitoreo, etc.) Peligros físicos y de salud Detalles del programa Comunicación de Riesgos específico para su área Training also includes information on the hazard communication standard and what the company is required to do. The methods used to detect the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the workplace. These methods include: -Odor - the ability to smell the chemical when it is released, -Monitoring devices – that will send out an alarm when the material is detected in the air (similar to smoke detectors in the home), -Visible methods - where you can see the fumes or a spill -Taste –sometimes an exposure to a chemical will leave a metallic taste in your mouth. The physical and health hazards of the materials used or stored in the workplace must also be reviewed with you. For example if the material will burn your skin or eyes, cause cancer, or damage to a particular body organ (such as the lungs or liver). The details of your site-specific hazard communication program will be reviewed with you by your supervisor or manager.

23 HazCom Precauciones Generales
Esté conciente de los posibles peligros de los químicos con los que se está trabajando Lea y entienda la etiqueta y/o MSDS Pregunte a su supervisor si no entiende algo Usar ventilación apropiada al trabajar con químicos, y aislar el área de trabajo para reducir la exposición innecesaria a otros en el área In general, there are a few safety precautions that you can take to protect yourself from chemical exposure or over-exposure. First – be aware of the potential hazards that you are working with. Read and understand the labels and the material safety data sheets. Ask questions if you do not understand what they say or what they mean. Use proper ventilation when working with chemicals. If an exhaust system is supposed to be used, use it. If dust masks or respirators are required, use them. If the area or room is supposed to be enclosed, make sure the doors are closed so that fumes can not get out into areas where other employees (who are not protected by the engineering or protective equipment controls) would be exposed to the fumes.

24 Comunicación de Riesgos Precauciones Generales (continuación)
Utilizar Equipo de Protección Personal (PPE) que sea apropiado para el químico con el que se trabaja (ejemplos: guantes, lentes, ropa protectiva) Evitar respirar vapores Evitar el contacto de los químicos con la piel Aprender a reconocer situaciones potencialmente peligrosas Contenedores sin etiquetar Vapores u olores inusuales Derrames Trabajos no rutinarios Contenedores o tubos sin etiquetar Wear, and attend training as needed, personal protective equipment that is appropriate for the chemical you are working with. Protective equipment includes gloves, goggles, protective clothing, and dust masks. Avoid breathing the chemical fumes whenever possible and try not to get the chemicals on your skin or clothing. Remember your clothing may soak up the chemicals and then expose your skin underneath. Learn to recognize potentially hazardous situations in the workplace. These include unlabeled containers, unusual smells or vapors, spills, tasks and jobs that are not routine or ordinarily performed in the area, and unlabeled pipes that transport chemicals to a process or area.

25 Comunicación de Riesgos Resumen
Este estándar es simple… Los empleados tienen la necesidad y el derecho de saber sobre químicos peligrosos a los que estén expuestos en el lugar de trabajo Los patrones tienen que informar a los empleados que equipo de protección personal vestir para prevenir efectos de salud adversos The hazard communication standard is simple. Employees have both a need and a right to know about the hazardous chemicals that they may be exposed to in the workplace. And employees must be informed about what protective equipment must be used to prevent an over-exposure and any adverse health effects from the chemicals.