ANDER DELGADO University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Ikastola or the Basque educational cooperatives in Franco’s dictatorship and Transition to Democracy ANDER DELGADO University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU MANCHESTER, 5 July 2012
CONTENTS Definition of Ikastola Brief overview of its creation Reason why the co-operative became an institutional form 2
“School to make Spaniards” 1.- Definition of Ikastola Ikastola: “Basque Schools” vs. “School to make Spaniards” SABINO ARANA GOIRI (1865 – 1903)
1.- Definition of Ikastola Schools which taught the majority of the subjects in the Basque language or euskera. They established a specific curriculum that took into account the Basque culture, history, traditions, etc. 4
House-Schools (semi-clandestine) Schools (open to society) 2.- Overview of its creation House-Schools (semi-clandestine) Schools (open to society) 5
Number of ikastolas founded 2.- Overview of creation Number of ikastolas founded in the Basque Country and Navarre each year over the 1960-1976 period Fuente: SIADECO, Estudio socio-lingüístico del euskera, vol. III, tomo VII (Las Ikastolas en el País Vasco), San Sebastián: Siadeco, [1977], p. 21.
Total number of ikastolas over the 1960-1980 period 2.- Overview of creation Total number of ikastolas over the 1960-1980 period Fuente: I. Fernández, Oroimenaren hitza. Ikastolen historia 1960-1975, Bilbao: UEU, 1994, 198.
Total number of pupils of the Ikastolas (1964-1981) 2.- Overview of creation Total number of pupils of the Ikastolas (1964-1981) Fuente: F. Basurto, “La normalización de la ikastola: breve historia y estado de la cuestión de la Escuela Pública Vasca”, Historia de la Educación, nº 8, 1989, pp. 139-165, 148.
(The Basque Country and Navarre): 2.- Overview of creation Academic year 1981/1982 (The Basque Country and Navarre): Nursery Schools (2 – 5 years): 22 % Primary Schools (6 – 13 years): 9 % 9
Legal and educational context Mondragon co-operatives Popular movement 10
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