THE PRETERITE (PAST) TENSE

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El preterito Preterite Verbs Preterite means past tense Preterite verbs deal withcompleted past action.

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Irregular preterites.

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El pretérito The past tense in Spanish.

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Repaso- El presente…. Present Tense -ar -er/-ir-o -as-es -a-e -amos-emos/imos -an-en.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

THE PRETERITE (PAST) TENSE EL PRETÉRITO THE PRETERITE (PAST) TENSE

What is the preterite used for? The preterite is used for actions in the past that are seen as completed. The use of the preterite tense implies that the past action had a definite beginning and definite end The preterite also tells us specifically when an action took place.

Examples of the preterite tense: Carlos bought a CD María ate a hamburger On Friday Jorge went to the swimming pool

Regular verbs

Conjugating regular ‘ar’ verbs: To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite, simply drop the -ar and add the following endings: yo é tú aste él/ella ó nosotros amos vosotros asteis ellos/ellas aron

Example of regular ‘ar’ verb hablar – to talk Take the ‘ar’ off the infinitive and this leaves your stem ‘habl’ yo hablé tú hablaste él/ella/usted habló nosotros hablamos vosotros hablasteis ellos/ellas/ustedes hablaron

Conjugating regular ‘er’ and ‘ir’ verbs To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the preterite, simply drop the -er or –ir and add the following endings: yo í tú iste él/ella/usted ió nosotros imos vosotros isteis ellos/ellas/ustedes ieron

Example of regular ‘er’ verb comer – to eat Take the ‘er’ off the infinitive and this leaves your stem ‘com’ yo comí tú comiste él/ella/usted comió nosotros comimos vosotros comisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes comieron

Example of regular ‘ir’ verb vivir – to live Take the ‘ir’ off the infinitive and this leaves your stem ‘viv’ yo viví tú viviste él/ella/usted vivió nosotros vivimos vosotros vivisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes vivieron

Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs that don’t follow a rule and need to be learned: Ser Ir Hacer Decir Ver Traer

Ser – to be yo fui tú fuiste él/ella/usted fue nosotros fuimos vosotros fuisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes fueron

Ir – to go yo fui tú fuiste él/ella/usted fue nosotros fuimos vosotros fuisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes fueron

Hacer – to do yo hice tú hiciste él/ella/usted hizo nosotros hicimos vosotros hicisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes hicieron

Decir – to say yo dije tú dijiste él/ella/usted dijo nosotros dijimos vosotros dijisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes dijeron

Ver – to see yo vi tú viste él/ella/usted vio nosotros vimos vosotros visteis ellos/ellas/ustedes vieron

Traer – to bring yo traje tú trajiste él/ella/usted trajo nosotros trajimos vosotros trajisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes trajeron

Irregular verbs that follow a pattern: A number of verbs that are irregular in the preterite follow a particular pattern. While their stems change, they all take the following endings: -e -iste -o -imos -isteis -ieron

Here are the verbs, along with their corresponding stem changes: Infinitive Stem Change andar anduv- estar estuv- tener tuv- caber cup- haber hub- poder pud- poner pus- saber sup- querer quis- venir vin-

Examples: estar (estuv-) saber (sup-) estuve supe estuviste supiste estuvo supo estuvimos supimos estuvisteis supisteis estuvieron supieron

Verbs with spelling changes

‘Ir’ verbs that change their stem in the present tense They also change in the preterite, but in a different way. They change e:i and o:u in the third person, singular and plural

Example preferir – to prefer yo preferí tú preferiste él/ella/usted prefirío nosotros preferimos vosotros preferisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes prefirieron

Verbs ending in -gar, -car and -zar In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive, a number of verbs change spelling. The following changes occur in the "yo" form only: Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu Verbs that end in -car change c to qu Verbs that end in -zar change z to c

Examples: Jugar - yo jugué Buscar - yo busqué Almorzar - yo almorcé A table of some common spelling changing -gar, -car and –zar verbs is shown on the next slide

-gar -car -zar cegar aparcar almorzar colgar buscar autorizar jugar clarificar cazar llegar clasificar comenzar pagar destacar cruzar plegar empacar empezar regar justificar forzar rogar practicar organizar tragar sacar simbolizar vagar tocar tropezarse

Verbs ending in -aer, -eer, -oír, and -oer The él/ella/usted forms use the ending "yó" (rather than ió) The third person plural uses the ending "yeron" (rather than ieron) The remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter "i"

Example creer – to believe yo creí tú creíste él/ella/usted creyó nosotros creímos vosotros creísteis ellos/ellas/ustedes creyeron

Verbs ending in -uir The él/ella/usted forms use the ending "yó" (rather than ió) The third person plural uses the ending "yeron" (rather than ieron) The yo form also gains a written accent over the letter "i"

Example huir – to flee/escape yo huí tú huiste él/ella/usted huyó nosotros huimos vosotros huisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes huyeron

Verbs ending in -ucir Remove the –cir from the infinitive and conjugate as follows: yo produje Tú produjiste él/ella/usted produjo nosotros produjimos Vosotros produjisteis ellos/ellas/ustedes produjeron