ANTE TODO The preterite and the imperfect are not interchangeable.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

ANTE TODO The preterite and the imperfect are not interchangeable. In Spanish, the choice between these two tenses depends on the context and on the point of view of the speaker.

COMPARE & CONTRAST PRETERITE IMPERFECT To express actions that are viewed by the speaker as completed Don Francisco se rompió la pierna. Don Francisco broke his leg. Fueron a Buenos Aires ayer. They went to Buenos Aires yesterday. To describe an ongoing past action with no reference to its beginning or end Don Francisco esperaba a Javier. Don Francisco was waiting for Javier. El médico se preocupaba por sus pacientes. The doctor worried about his patients.

COMPARE & CONTRAST PRETERITE IMPERFECT 2. To express the beginning or end of a past action La película empezó a las nueve. The movie began at nine o’clock. Ayer terminé el proyecto para la clase de química. Yesterday I finished the project for chemistry class. 2. To express habitual past actions and events Cuando era joven, jugaba al tenis. When I was young, I used to play tennis. De niño, don Francisco se enfermaba con mucha frecuencia. As a child, Don Francisco used to get sick very frequently.

3. To narrate a series of past actions or events PRETERITE IMPERFECT 3. To narrate a series of past actions or events La doctora me miró los oídos, me hizo unas preguntas y escribió la receta. The doctor looked in my ears, asked me some questions, and wrote the prescription. Me di con la mesa, me caí y me lastimé el pie. I bumped into the table, I fell, and I injured my foot. 3. To describe physical and emotional states or characteristics La chica quería descansar. Se sentía mal y tenía dolor de cabeza. The girl wanted to rest. She felt ill and had a headache. Ellos eran altos y tenían ojos verdes. They were tall and had green eyes. Estábamos felices de ver a la familia. We were happy to see the family.

Miraba la tele cuando sonó el teléfono. The preterite and the imperfect often appear in the same sentence. In such cases the imperfect describes what was happening, while the preterite describes the action that “interrupted” the ongoing activity. Miraba la tele cuando sonó el teléfono. I was watching TV when the phone rang. Maite leía el periódico cuando llegó Álex. Maite was reading the newspaper when Álex arrived.

You will also see the preterite and the imperfect together in narratives such as fiction, news, and retelling of events. In these cases the imperfect provides all of the background information, such as time, weather, and location, while the preterite indicates the specific events that occurred to advance the plot.

Eran las dos de la mañana y el detective ya no podía mantenerse FOR EXAMPLE: Eran las dos de la mañana y el detective ya no podía mantenerse despierto. Se bajó lentamente del coche, estiró las piernas y levantó los brazos hacia el cielo oscuro. It was two in the morning, and the detective could no longer stay awake. He slowly stepped out of the car, stretched his legs, and raised his arms toward the dark sky. La luna estaba llena y no había en el cielo ni una sola nube. De repente el detective escuchó un grito espeluznante proveniente del parque. The moon was full and there wasn’t a single cloud in the sky. Suddenly, the detective heard a piercing scream coming from the park.

¡INTÉNTALO! Elige el pretérito o el imperfecto para completar la historia. Explica por qué se usa ese tiempo verbal en cada ocasión. 1. (Fueron/Eran) las doce. 2. (Hubo/Había) mucha gente en la calle. 3. A las doce y media, Tomás y yo (entramos/entrábamos) en el Restaurante Tárcoles. 4. Todos los días yo (almorcé/almorzaba) con Tomás al mediodía. 5. El camarero (llegó/llegaba) inmediatamente, para darnos el menú. 6. Nosotros (empezamos/empezábamos) a leerlo. 7. Yo (pedí/pedía) el pescado. 1 of 2

¡INTÉNTALO! Elige el pretérito o el imperfecto para completar la historia. Explica por qué se usa ese tiempo verbal en cada ocasión. 8. De repente, el camarero (volvió/volvía) a nuestra mesa. 9. Y nos (dio/daba) una mala noticia. 10. Desafortunadamente, no (tuvieron/tenían) más pescado. 11. Por eso Tomás y yo (decidimos/decidíamos) comer en otro lugar. 12. (Llovió/Llovía) muy fuerte cuando (salimos/salíamos) del café. 13. Así que (regresamos/regresábamos) al Restaurante Tárcoles. 14. Esta vez, (pedí/pedía) el arroz con pollo. 2 of 2