Reflexive verbs What do you think is a reflexive verb? 1

Los Verbos Reflexivos en español… 2

I. Los Verbos Reflexivos In the reflexive construction, the subject is also the object that receive the action A person does as well as receives the action… 3

Subject: Verb: Object: 4

Who does the action? Who receives the action? 5

Subject: Verb: Object: 6

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Examples The term reflexive verb verbs in Spanish whose subject acts on itself – does the action to itself. For example: Marta brushes Ana’s hair. María brushes her (own) hair. In sentence one (i), Marta is the subject; the verb is brushes; and the object is Ana’s hair. In sentence two (ii), the subject is María; the verb is brushes and the object is her own hair. Sentence two (ii) would require the use of a reflexive verb as María does the action to herself. 9

In other words… Reflexive verbs show what a person does to him/herself. 10

11 II. Use of se

Acostarse Bañarse Cepillarse Despertarse Lavarse Levantarse Maquillarse Peinarse Quemarse Sentarse Acostar Bañar Cepillar Despertar Lavar Levantar Maquillar Peinar Quemar Sentar vs 12

III. Reflexive Pronouns Reflexive verbs also use reflexive pronouns which refer to the same person or thing as the subject. What are the reflexive pronouns in English? 13

Reflexive Pronouns The reflexive pronouns are: Me myself Te yourself(informal) Se himself, herself, yourself (formal) nos ourselves osyourselves(informal in Spain) se themselves, yourselves (formal) 14

Reflexive pronouns Yo Nosotros(as) Tú OS Él, ella, Ud. Ellos,ellas, Uds. ME TE NOS SE 15

IV.Compare reflexive pronouns/ IOP/ DOP IOPDOPREFLEXIVE PRONOUN YOME TúTE ELLA/UD./ÉLLELO/ LASE NOSOTROSNOS VOSOTROSOS ELLOS/ELLAS/UDS.LESL0S/LASSE 16 Respond to the Question- who/to Whom. Respond to the Question- what

V. Posición de los pronombres reflexivos: 1.In front of a conjugated verb: Me acuesto a las diez de la noche. Me quiero acostar a las diez de la noche. Me estoy acostando ahora mismo. 2.Attached to a gerund: Estoy acostándome ahora mismo. Luisa está cepillándose los dientes. 3.Attached to an infinitive: Voy a acostarme ahora mismo. Luisa va a cepillarse os dientes. 17

Summarizing Reflexive pronoun placement 18

1. Reflexive Verbs The reflexive object pronoun precedes the conjugated verb. Before the conjugated verb: (1) Me acuesto a las diez y media cada noche. I go to bed at 10:30 each night. (2) Mi familia y yo nos desayunamos a las siete cada mañana My family and I have breakfast at 7:00 every morning. In the two examples above, the reflexive pronouns (me and nos) go before the conjugated verbs. 19

3. Reflexive Verbs The reflexive verb is however attached to the infinitive. Examples: With the infinitive: (1) Yo voy a cepillarme los dientes. I am going to brush my teeth. (2) Tú vas a cepillarte los dientes. You are going to brush your teeth. *In the two examples above, the reflexive pronouns ‘me’ and ‘te’ are attached to the infinitive. 20

2. Reflexive Verbs The reflexive verb is however attached to the the present participle: (1) Yo estoy cepillándome los dientes. I am brushing my teeth. (2) Carlos está cepillándose. Carlos is brushing his teeth. * The reflexive pronouns ‘me’ and ‘se’ are attached to the present participles. 21

. Where are reflexive pronouns placed in a sentence? 1. If the verb is ______________________, then the pronoun will come before the verb. For example, Tú __________ lavas el pelo. 2. If the verb is ______________________, then the pronoun can attach to the end of the verb. For example, Tú tienes que lavar_____ el pelo. 3. If the verb is ______________________, then the pronoun will attach to the end of the command. This is not new! For example, ¡Láva____ el pelo! 22 CONJUGATED TE AN INFINITIVE TE IN COMMAND FORM TE

* NOTE: Possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro, su) are not used to show ownership when reflexive verbs are used. The use of the reflexive verb implies ownership already. 23

Reflexive Verbs Lavarse las manos – to wash one’s hands Yo me lavo las manos.Nosotros nos lavamos las manos Tú te lavas las manosVosotros os laváis las manos Él Ella se lava las manosEllos Ud. Ellas se lavan las manos Uds. 24

Reflexive Sentence Structure subject + reflexive pronoun + verb (conjugated) + rest of the sentence 25

VII. How do I conjugate a reflexive verb? Look at the infinitive, lavarse. What verb do you notice? __________________ 1. Take off the “se” and conjugate it like you normally do. 2. Add a reflexive pronoun. 26

The Verb The verb is conjugated as it normally would be it present tense. Just drop the –se and you will be left with the infinitive. 27

14 of the 26 reflexive verbs are regular –AR or –ER/-IR verbs. afeitarse, bañarse, lavarse, levantarse, quitarse, quejarse, aburrirse, etc That means that after the –AR of the infinitive is removed, we’ll add -o, -as, -a, -amos, -an. For aburrirse, we’ll use -o, -es, -e, -imos, -en added to the stem. 28

AFEITARSE (to shave oneself) afeito afeitas afeita afeitamos afeitan Me Te Se Nos Se 29

BAÑARSE (to bathe oneself) baño bañas baña bañamos bañan Me Te Se Nos Se 30

LAVARSE (to wash oneself) lavo lavas lava lavamos lavan Me Te Se Nos Se El chico se lava las manos. La chica se lava el pelo. 31

LEVANTARSE (to get oneself up) levanto levantas levanta levantamos levantan Me Te Se Nos Se 32

MIRARSE (To look at oneself) miro miras mira miramos miran Me Te Se Nos Se Ella se mira en el espejo. 33

QUITARSE (to take off of oneself) quito quitas quita quitamos quitan Me Te Se Nos Se Un chico se quita la camisa. El otro se quita la chaqueta. 34

ABURRIRSE me aburro te aburres se aburre nos aburrimos se aburren 35

The other 8 reflexive verbs have some kind of irregularity. ACOSTARSE and PROBARSE are o  ue stem-changing. DESPERTARSE, SENTARSE, and DIVERTIRSE are e  ie stem-changing. 36

VESTIRSE and REÍRSE are e  i stem-changing. PONERSE has a “g” in the “yo” form 37

ACOSTARSE (to lay oneself down. “to go to bed”) acuesto acuestas acuesta acuestan Me Te Se Nos Se 38

DESPERTARSE (to wake up yourself) despierto despiertas despierta e despertamos despiertan Me Te Se Nos Se 39

SENTARSE (to sit down) me siento te sientas se sienta nos sentamos se sientan 40

VESTIRSE (to dress oneself; to get dressed) visto vistes viste e vestimos visten Me Te Se Nos Se 41

REÍRSE me río te ríes se ríe nos reímos se ríen 42

PONERSE (to put on oneself) g pongo pones pone ponemos ponen Me Te Se Nos Se El chico se pone los zapatos. 43

DIVERTIRSE (to have fun!) me divierto te diviertes se divierte nos divertimos se divierten 44

Yo me levanto a las ocho de la mañana. Ella se despierta muy temprano. ¿A qué hora te desayunas cada día? Mis hermanas se maquillan en su cuarto. Nosotros nos acostamos muy tarde. Pepito se baña en el baño. Por ejemplo: I get up at eight in the morning. She wakes up very early. At what time do you have breakfast every day? My sisters put on makeup in their room. We go to bed very late. Pepito takes a bath in the bathroom. 45

How do you form these verbs? levantarse 1. Conjugate the verb as always… levantolevantamos levantaslevantáis levantalevantan 2. Add the reflexive pronouns… menos teosse 46

despertarse (ie) despiertodespertamos despiertasdespertáis despiertadespiertan menos teosse vestirse (i) vistovestimos vistesvestís vistevisten menos teosse 47

acostarse (ue) acuestoacostamos acuestasacostáis acuestaacuestan menos teosse cepillarse cepillocepillamos cepillascepilláis cepillacepillan menos teosse 48

Don‘t Forget Remove the –se before conjugating. Conjugate the verb as you would conjugate any present tense verb. The reflexive pronoun goes BEFORE the conjugated verb. Don’t get tripped up by those stem- changing verbs…they still change! 49

¿Puedes contestar estas preguntas…? ¿A qué hora te despiertas por la mañana? ¿Te sientes bien o mal hoy? ¿Estás desayunándote ahora mismo? ¿Quieres acostarte ahora? ¿Quién en tu familia se maquilla? ¿Uds. se lavan las manos antes de comer? 50

¿Cómo se dice en español? My mother puts my sister to bed early. I am going to get up early tomorrow. We have to bathe the dog now. My sister is combing her hair right now. My friends want to sit in the library. I wash the dishes in the kitchen. 51

More practice 1.Maria (arreglarse) el pelo. 2.Juan y Jose (afeitarse) por la mañana. 3.Nosotros (despertarse) a las seis de la mañana. 4.Vosotros (ducharse) despues de (cepillarse) los dientes. 5.Los estudiantes (lavarse) la cara. 52

Las Repuestas 1.Maria se arregla el pelo. 2.Juan y Jose se afeitan por la mañana. 3.Nosotros nos depertamos a las seis de la mañana. 4.Vosotros os ducháis despues de cepillaros los dientes. 5.Los estudiantes se lavan la cara. 53

… un poco de vocabulario la toalla la ducha la tina el desodorante el espejo el maquillaje 54

List of Reflexive Verbs  ponerse + article of clothing – to put on  bañarse – to bathe  ducharse – to (take a) shower  cepillarse los dientes – to brush one’s teeth  afeitarse – to shave  peinarse – to comb one’s hair  levantarse – to get up  despertarse (e-i) – to wake up 55

List of Reflexive Verbs  acostarse (o-ue) – to go to bed  dormirse (o-ue) to fall asleep  vestirse (e-i) – to get dressed  cortarse el pelo – to cut one’s hair  desayunarse – to have breakfast  almorzarse – to have lunch  enojarse – to get upset  burlarse de – to laugh at  quejarse – to complain 56

Why are they called “reflexive”? Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject is doing the action to himself! Think of your reflection: What do you see? For example: I take a shower or I shower myself. I am doing the action to myself. 57

When the verb should not be conjugated (after “de” or next to another conjugated verb), attach the –se to the infinitive. 58