Apuntes el de septiembre Los artículos definidos (Definite Articles) All articles agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the nouns they accompany. El, la, los, and las all mean the. el profesor (the professor, teacher) la doctora (the doctor) los niños (the children) las lecciones (the lessons)
Los artículos indefinidos (Indefinite Articles) Un and una mean a. un libro (a book) una mesa (a table) Unos and unas mean some. unos chicos (some boys) unas mujeres (some women)
Los sustantivos (Nouns) Most nouns that end in –o are masculine. Most nouns that end in –a are feminine. el cielo (the sky)la revista (the magazine) There are exceptions: la mano (the hand)el día (the day)
Most nouns that end in -l, -n, -e, -r, or –s are masculine. el amor (the love)el examen (the test) el papel (the paper) Most nouns that end in –d, -ie, -ión, -is, -umbre, or –z are feminine. la comunidad (the community) la acción (the action) exceptions: el lápiz (the pencil)el avión (the airplane)
Nouns that end in –ma, -pa, and –ta are generally masculine. el programa (the program) el mapa (the map) el atleta (the athlete)
Adjetivos Adjectives must match the nouns they describe in gender and number. Adjectives that end in –o in the masculine singular have four forms: masc.fem. sing.bajobaja plur.bajosbajas
Adjectives that end in –e have the same forms for masculine and feminine. un hombre inteligente (an intelligent man) una mujer inteligente (an intelligent woman)
Adjectives that end in –dor have four forms. masc.fem. sing.habladorhabladora plur.habladoreshabladoras un chico hablador (a talkative boy) una chica habladora (a talkative girl)
Los adjetivos posesivos (Possessive adjectives) mi, mis = mynuestro/a/os/as = our tu, tus= yourvuestro/a/os/as = your su, sus= your (Ud., Uds), his, her, their Possessive adjective agree with and precede the nouns they describe. mi casa (my house) nuestra escuela (our school) sus amigos (his friends, her friends, your friends, their friends)