Ser v. Estar A Summary of Basic Contrasts to be … or … to be ¡Es la pregunta!to be … or … to be ¡Es la pregunta! ser + noun = clasificación Pedro is.

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Ser v. Estar A Summary of Basic Contrasts

to be … or … to be ¡Es la pregunta!to be … or … to be ¡Es la pregunta! ser + noun = clasificación Pedro is a carpenter. Pedro es carpintero. Estar cannot link a noun to the subject. ser estar

ser estar ser + adjective = essence Anita is intelligent. Anita es inteligente. The river is long. El río es largo. Lorenzo is good/bad. (personality) Lorenzo es bueno/malo. (adjective) estar + adjective = condition Carmen is angry. Carmen está enojada. The water is dirty. El agua está sucia. Lorenzo is well/ill. (condition) Lorenzo está bien/mal. (adverb)

ser + location of events The war was in Vietnam. La guerra fue en Vietnam. The accident was on the corner. El acidente fue en la esquina. The presentation is in the theater. La presentación es en el teatro. estar + location of objects / people The army was in Vietnam. El ejército estuvo en Vietnam. The car was on the corner. El coche estuvo en la esquina. The bank is on Roswell Road. El banco está en la calle Roswell. ser estar

ser + past participle = action (passive voice) The door was opened by Ana. La puerta fue abierta por Anna. The house was sold by George. La casa fue vendida por Jorge. The aquaduct was built by the Romans. El acueducto fue construído por los romanos. estar + past participle = state of being The door was open. La puerta estaba abierta. The house was sold. (unavailable) La casa estaba vendida. The movie theater is closed. El cine está cerrado. ser estar

ser + de = origin Origin: Gabriel is from Chile. Gabriel es de Chile. Material: The chair is metal. La silla es de metal. Possession: The watch is Joe´s. El reloj es de José. estar + de = role or activity Lucy is serving as secretary today. Lucy está de secretaria hoy. Yesterday we were shopping. Ayer estuvimos de compras.. Tomorrow we will be on a trip to the museum. Mañana estaremos de viaje al museo. ser estar

ser is never used with the present participle!! estar + present participle = progressive We are working hard.. Estamos trabajando duro. We were sleeping. Estábamos durmiendo. Tomorrow we will be sleeping a lot! ¡Mañana estaremos durmiendo mucho! ser estar

ser + expressions of clock time It is one thirty. Es la una y media. It was two fifteen. Eran las dos y cuarto. estar is never used with clock time. ser estar

Ser v. Estar Permanent vs. Temporary

There is nothing necessarily permanent about physical attributes… Hola, guapa. Tú eres muy joven. Usted es muy viejo. ¿Es rico? Yo soy fuerte y joven.

Permanent vs. Temporary There is nothing necessarily permanent about physical attributes… size, weight, color nor about social attributes… wealth and youth. Señor Muñoz es viejo…pero no muy viejo. Él es rico también... pero no muy rico. Ana es joven y muy fuerte.

Permanent vs. Temporary These attributes are very basic and essential categories of description and generally take ser. On the other hand… some very permanent things…like death… require estar !